基于通径分析的树木园不同植物群落空气负离子变化特征

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Change characteristics of negative air ions of different plant communities in arboretum based on path analysis

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.381

Abstract:

To investigate the changes in negative air ion concentration (NAIC) and the influencing factors within typical plant communities in an arboretum, this study examined the Hohhot arboretum in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Data were collected during five sunny and windless or breezy days in each season from 2022 to 2023. Observations included 11 different plant communities and the environmental indicators of control sites, recorded simultaneously in the field from 08:00 to 18:00. The environmental indicators of the control points were analyzed and compared to the NAIC patterns across different plant communities to identify the factors that influenced NAIC. The results showed the following. (1) The NAIC levels of arboretum plant communities were significantly higher during spring (611-1115 ions·cm^-3), summer (714-1033 ions·cm^-3), and autumn (678-1120 ions·cm^-3) compared to that during winter (202-372 ions·cm^-3). However, no significant difference was observed within the same season. Daily NAIC patterns varied by season. They formed a “U” curve in spring, showed fluctuating changes in summer and autumn, and decreased before increasing in winter. Daily maximum or minimum NAIC values occurred in specific plant communities and varied seasonally. (2) The air cleanliness of plant communities reached the cleanest level during spring, summer, and autumn. During winter, the air cleanliness ranged from clean to acceptable for most observation periods. (3) The influence of environmental factors on the NAIC varied across seasons. PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 were identified as the primary factors affecting NAIC. Variations in the NAIC were primarily attributed to the direct effects of particulate matter of different sizes in the air.

Key words: arboretum, plant community, negative air ions, environmental factors, path analysis

YAN Xiaoyun, SUN Yiwei, BAO Hongguang. Change characteristics of negative air ions of different plant communities in arboretum based on path analysis[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(5): 778-788.

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观测点	植物群落	主要植物种类	平均高度/m		平均胸径/cm
观测点	植物群落	主要植物种类	乔木层	灌木层	平均胸径/cm
S1	乔草型针叶林	樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）	20.32±0.22	-	20.57±0.03
S2	乔草型针叶林	樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）	22.16±0.18	-	16.96±0.16
		侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）
		杜松（Juniperus rigida）
S3	乔草型针叶林	杜松（Juniperus rigida）	21.18±0.31	-	23.91±0.15
S4	乔灌草型针阔林	油松（Pinus tabuliformis）	19.97±0.33	5.22±0.28	14.81±0.27
		紫丁香（Syringa oblata）
		榆叶梅（Prunus triloba）
S5	乔草型针叶林	油松（Pinus tabuliformis）	19.34±0.14	-	21.98±0.31
S6	乔灌草型针阔林	油松（Pinus tabuliformis）	22.61±0.23	6.19±0.37	22.91±0.26
		紫丁香（Syringa oblata）
		黑茶藨子（Ribes nigrum）
S7	乔灌草型针阔林	云杉（Picea asperata）	19.31±0.32	5.24±0.41	18.05±0.21
		榆叶梅（Prunus triloba）
		山桃（Prunus davidiana）
		接骨木（Sambucus williamsii）
S8	灌草型阔叶林	紫丁香（Syringa oblata）	-	5.61±0.22	8.61±0.32
S9	乔草型针叶林	云杉（Picea asperata）	20.13±0.21		24.27±0.17
S10	乔草型阔叶林	三花槭（Acer triflorum）	18.21±0.27	-	8.64±0.19
S10	乔草型阔叶林	元宝槭（Acer truncatum）	18.21±0.27	-	8.64±0.19
S11	灌木型阔叶林	紫丁香（Syringa oblata）	-	5.43±0.32	4.32±0.16
CK	对照点	硬质铺装广场	-	-	-

空气清洁度等级	安培空气离子评价指数（CI）
最清洁	CI≥1.00
清洁	0.70≤CI<1.00
中等	0.50≤CI<0.70
接受	0.30≤CI<0.50
污染	CI<0.3

观测点	春季		夏季		秋季		冬季
观测点	CI	等级	CI	等级	CI	等级	CI	等级
S1	15.92±1.93Aa	最清洁	1.34±0.52Ab	最清洁	12.93±7.48ABab	最清洁	1.46±1.17Ab	最清洁
S2	10.72±5.89Aa	最清洁	1.16±0.47Ab	最清洁	9.03±3.99ABa	最清洁	1.81±1.28Ab	最清洁
S3	12.88±7.11Aa	最清洁	1.58±0.75Ab	最清洁	12.89±7.88ABa	最清洁	0.69±0.62Ab	中等
S4	4.44±1.68Aab	最清洁	1.55±0.84Ab	最清洁	8.56±3.04ABa	最清洁	0.45±0.35Ab	接受
S5	5.06±2.15Ab	最清洁	1.18±0.53Ab	最清洁	12.07±6.26ABa	最清洁	0.39±0.24Ab	接受
S6	10.88±6.35Aa	最清洁	2.47±1.86Aa	最清洁	5.92±3.56Ba	最清洁	0.90±0.69Aa	清洁
S7	16.69±4.48Aa	最清洁	0.85±0.35Ab	清洁	6.56±1.85ABab	最清洁	1.14±0.98Ab	最清洁
S8	16.94±5.52Aa	最清洁	2.52±0.17Aa	最清洁	15.37±10.48Aa	最清洁	1.43±1.28Aa	最清洁
S9	8.96±5.23Aa	最清洁	0.90±0.37Ab	清洁	3.67±1.81Bab	最清洁	0.84±0.68Ab	清洁
S10	14.98±2.11Aa	最清洁	1.57±0.90Aa	最清洁	9.50±4.20ABab	最清洁	0.56±0.50Aa	中等
S11	10.00±3.92Aa	最清洁	1.26±0.57Aa	最清洁	4.65±2.08Ba	最清洁	0.78±0.62Aa	清洁
CK	12.86±6.32Aa	最清洁	0.74±0.33Aa	清洁	9.34±6.64ABab	最清洁	0.96±0.84Aa	清洁

季节	TSP	PM₁₀	PM_2.5	PM_1.0	V	RH	T	N⁺	DT	AT
春季	-0.08	0.40^**	0.40^**	0.39^**	-0.08	0.10	-0.26^**	-0.11	0.01	-0.05
夏季	-0.57^**	-0.42^**	-0.47^**	-0.60^**	-0.06	0.03	-0.06	0.35^**	-0.01	-0.02
秋季	-0.18^*	-0.09	-0.15^*	-0.25^**	0.01	-0.15^*	0.06	-0.12	-0.10	0.07
冬季	-0.07	-0.06	-0.10	-0.09	0.03	0.03	0.17_**	-0.10	0.19^**	-0.02
四季	0.11^**	-0.07^*	0.25^**	0.22^**	0.04	0.01	0.07	-0.21^**	-0.02	0.02

季节	自变量	直接通径系数	间接通径系数					对R²的贡献	决策系数
季节	自变量	直接通径系数	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	对R²的贡献	决策系数
春季	PM₁₀（X₁）	0.28	-	0.14	-0.02	-	-	0.11	0.15
	PM_2.5（X₂）	0.23	0.17	-	-0.01	-	-	0.09	0.13
	N⁺（X₃）	-0.15	0.03	0.01	-	-	-	0.02	0.01
夏季	PM_1.0（X₁）	-0.98	-	0.39	-	-	-	0.58	0.20
夏季	PM_2.5（X₂）	0.43	-0.89	-	-	-	-	-0.20	-0.58
秋季	PM_1.0（X₁）	-0.23	-	-0.07	0.06	-0.01	-	0.06	0.06
	TSP（X₂）	-0.49	-0.03	-	0.35	-0.01	-	0.09	-0.06
	PM₁₀（X₃）	0.40	-0.03	-0.44	-	-0.02	-	-0.03	-0.23
	RH（X₄）	-0.14	-0.01	-0.05	0.04	-	-	0.02	0.22
冬季	DT（X₁）	0.24	-	-0.08	0.03	-	-	0.05	-0.50
	PM_2.5（X₂）	-1.54	0.01	-	1.42	-	-	0.16	-2.04
	PM_1.0（X₃）	1.43	0.01	-1.53	-	-	-	-0.13	-2.30
四季	PM_2.5（X₁）	2.53	-	-0.34	-1.84	0.001	-0.11	0.63	-5.15
	PM₁₀（X₂）	-0.68	1.27	-	-0.58	0.01	-0.08	0.05	0.09
	PM_1.0（X₃）	-1.91	2.43	-0.21	-	-0.01	-0.10	-0.41	-0.87
	N⁺（X₄）	-0.19	-0.06	0.04	-0.01	-	0.01	0.04	0.03
	DT（X₅）	-0.19	1.49	-0.30	-1.02	0.01	-	0.01	0.01

Just accepted

Online first

Just accepted

Online first

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