石河子垦区绿洲农田下垫面辐射收支特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.046

Abstract

Abstract:

Oasis farmland is a unique ecosystem in arid and semi-arid regions, making the study of energy balance and climate formation mechanisms highly significant. Using observational data from oasis farmland in the Shihezi reclamation area, Xinjiang, China collected between April 2021 and March 2022, this study analyzed the variation characteristics of radiation components and surface albedo in oasis subpads. It compared the radiation components over different crop types (cotton and corn) and performed a differential analysis with bare land in the same area. The results indicate the following: (1) The daily means of downward shortwave and longwave radiation, upward longwave radiation, and net radiation on the underlying surface of oasis farmland were higher during the growth period than during the non-growth period. Upward shortwave radiation was maximal in winter, exhibiting the largest amplitude changes during this season. (2) Within the same area, oasis farmland under different crop types exhibited variations in radiation components during the plant growth and development phases. The daily average maximum differences in upward shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, and net radiation were 33.74 W·m^-2, 54.82 W·m^-2, and 65.98 W·m^-2, respectively. The difference in net radiation between farmland with crops and bare land was particularly pronounced, with a lag effect of approximately 1 hour in the daily peak radiation time for farmland compared to bare land. (3) The annual net radiation exposure of bare land differed by 1147.8 MJ·m^-2 compared to cotton fields and by 1519.7 MJ·m^-2 compared to corn fields. (4) The surface albedo of bare land, cotton fields, and corn fields was highest in winter, with annual averages of 0.34, 0.23, and 0.25, respectively. The annual average surface albedo of bare land exceeded that of farmland with crops, with a maximum difference of 0.11. Rainfall events reduced surface albedo, while snowfall increased it.

Key words: oasis farmland underlying surface, surface radiation expenditure, surface albedo, Shihezi reclamation area

ZHANG Hongwei, HE Qing, YANG Mingfeng, AN Dongliang, WU Chunxia, WANG Jin, CHEN Feifan. Radiation expenditure characteristics of oasis farmland in Shihezi reclamation area[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(12): 1991-2004.

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名称	安装高度/m	农作物类型	气象变量	测量范围	最大允许误差（日总量±）	仪器型号/产地
DFT1型辐射观测站	2	裸地	总辐射	0~2000 W·m^-2	5%	江苏省无线电科学研究所DFT1型/中国
			反射辐射	0~1400 W·m^-2	5%
			散射辐射	0~1400 W·m^-2	5%
			净辐射	-200~1400 W·m^-2	≤8 MJ为0.4％， >8 MJ为5％
			直接辐射	0~1400 W·m^-2	1%
CNR4四分量净辐射计	4	玉米	短波辐射	300~2800 nm	5%	Kipp & Zonen CNR4/荷兰
			长波辐射	4500~42000 nm	5%
			净辐射	-250~250 W·m^-2	10%
NR01四分量净辐射计	3	棉花	短波辐射	285~3000 nm	5%	Kipp & Zonen NR01/荷兰
			长波辐射	4500~40000 nm	5%
			净辐射	-250~250 W·m^-2	10%

农作物类型	生长发育期
棉花	播种	出苗	三真叶	五真叶		现蕾	开花	裂铃	吐絮	成熟	收获
日期（月-日）	04-12	05-02	05-20	05-26		06-03	07-02	08-31	08-31	10-04	10-05
玉米	播种	出苗	三叶	七叶	拔节	抽雄	开花	吐丝	乳熟	成熟	收获
日期（月-日）	04-09	04-22	04-24	05-08	05-28	06-20	06-21	06-22	07-26	08-26	08-27

要素名称	数据范围	t值	自由度	P值
向下短波辐射	整年	-0.692	698.3	0.489
	发育期	-0.501	422.8	0.617
	非生长发育期	-1.238	234.9	0.217
向上短波辐射	整年	1.155	698.7	0.121
	发育期	2.295	421.8	0.022^*
	非生长发育期	0.604	241.7	0.546
向下长波辐射	整年	1.054	697.6	0.292
	发育期	1.588	422.9	0.113
	非生长发育期	0.479	241.9	0.632
向上长波辐射	整年	-1.869	690.1	0.062
	发育期	-4.366	400.1	1.612×10^-5*
	非生长发育期	-0.496	241.8	0.619>0.05
净辐射（CNR4-NR01）	整年	1.941	663.5	0.0527
	发育期	4.154	396.4	3.997×10^-5*
	非生长发育期	-1.489	232.9	0.137
净辐射（NR01-DFT1）	整年	10.931	654.0	2.2×10^-16*
净辐射（NR01-DFT1）	非生长发育期	9.961	240.7	8.6×10^-20*
净辐射（CNR4-DFT1）	整年	11.426	569.1	2.2×10^-16*
净辐射（CNR4-DFT1）	非生长发育期	12.535	238.3	5.1×10^-28*

仪器	要素	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月	1月	2月	3月	年曝辐量
NR01四分量净辐射计（棉田）	DR	586.5	709.2	743.3	728.0	699.1	528.8	311.8	162.2	157.6	168.6	279.1	296.8	5371.0
	UR	92.8	124.5	129.9	125.1	118.9	96.8	60.5	39.2	92.1	126.8	196.9	53.5	1256.9
	DLR	793.4	936.8	946.1	1052.6	991.8	883.1	689.6	498.5	684.2	670.7	579.3	580.9	9307.1
	ULR	1027.2	1199.2	1219.0	1313.3	1238.1	1110.8	843.0	582.0	713.7	684.0	625.2	674.0	11229.6
	R_n	259.8	322.3	340.4	342.2	333.9	204.4	97.9	39.5	36.0	28.5	36.4	150.2	2191.6
CNR4四分量净辐射计（玉米田）	DR	589.3	709.2	730.6	720.2	696.9	526.8	336.0	229.5	143.5	129.1	269.2	312.2	5392.4
	UR	106.7	134.6	120.4	122.8	132.4	109.7	75.3	59.7	92.2	123.2	205.3	74.8	1357.1
	DLR	809.1	955.2	955.8	1070.2	1003.4	896.7	781.5	648.5	676.1	667.2	590.6	797.3	9851.6
	ULR	1019.3	1172.3	1145.6	1204.3	1155.0	1060.5	930.3	767.3	697.7	666.2	619.9	885.0	11323.4
	R_n	272.4	357.5	420.4	463.4	412.9	253.4	111.8	51.0	29.7	6.9	34.5	149.7	2563.5
DFT1型辐射观测站（裸地）	总辐射	411.6	729.0	721.2	734.0	693.0	509.5	329.4	225.3	163.7	185.0	277.7	303.5	5282.7
	反射辐射	194.3	197.4	197.2	196.5	191.6	148.2	86.5	73.3	116.7	139.9	211.7	63.7	1817.0
	直接辐射	235.9	489.0	472.6	514.0	490.0	341.3	191.4	105.9	40.6	32.5	93.0	131.1	3137.3
	散射辐射	175.7	240.1	248.6	220.0	203.0	168.2	138.0	119.4	123.0	152.5	184.7	172.4	2145.4
	R_n	123.2	216.6	193.9	199.1	183.0	94.5	46.6	-10.2	-45.6	-46.4	-27.2	116.2	1043.8

仪器	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月	1月	2月	3月	平均值
CNR4四分量净辐射计	0.18	0.19	0.16	0.17	0.19	0.21	0.22	0.26	0.64	0.95	0.76	0.24	0.25
NR01四分量净辐射计	0.16	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.18	0.19	0.24	0.58	0.75	0.71	0.18	0.23
DFT1型辐射观测站	0.47	0.27	0.27	0.27	0.28	0.29	0.26	0.33	0.71	0.76	0.76	0.21	0.34

Radiation expenditure characteristics of oasis farmland in Shihezi reclamation area

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降水类型	日期（年-月-日）	降水量/mm	地表反照率日均值		降水类型	日期（年-月-日）	降水量/mm	地表反照率日均值
降水类型	日期（年-月-日）	降水量/mm	玉米田	棉田	降水类型	日期（年-月-日）	降水量/mm	玉米田	棉田
降雨	2021-05-10	0.0	0.21	0.19	降雪	2022-02-14	0.0	0.78	0.76
	2021-05-11	4.3	0.19	0.17		2022-02-15	0.2	0.81	0.77
	2021-05-12	11.6	0.18	0.16		2022-02-16	2.9	0.93	0.85
	2021-05-13	0.2	0.19	0.18		2022-02-17	0.5	0.72	0.74
	2021-05-14	0.0	0.20	0.18		2022-02-18	0.2	0.77	0.77
						2022-02-19	0.0	0.71	0.73

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[2]	XING Liwen, ZHAO Jingfeng, HE Qing, LI Juan, SU Huali, HE Yaling. Radiation balance and surface albedo characteristics of the gobi underlying surface in the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 762-772.
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