阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射收支特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.358

Abstract

Abstract:

Changes in surface radiation budgets significantly affect regional and global climates, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. The underlying surface of the Gobi wetland and desert steppe vegetation in the area surrounding the Akedala atmospheric background station is representative of northern Xinjiang and the hinterland of Asia and Europe. Meanwhile, its atmospheric background is clean and experiences long winter snow, making its surface radiation special. However, research on the radiation budget of the Gobi in northern Xinjiang is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of its radiation budget. The four components of surface radiation from November 1, 2021-October 31, 2022 of the Akedala atmospheric background station reference radiation observation system were used to analyze the changes in surface radiation and albedo in different time scales and precipitation processes of Akedala atmospheric background station. The results indicated an annual exposure of total solar radiation of 5772.74 MJ·m^-2. The seasonal variation of total solar radiation exposure is manifested as the largest in summer, followed by spring, and the smallest in winter. The daily peak of total solar radiation and reflected short-wave radiation in different months is concentrated between 11:00 and 12:00, while the daily peak of ground long-wave radiation is concentrated between 12:00 and 13:00. In addition, the daily peak occurrence time of atmospheric counter radiation is not obvious. The maximum net income radiation occurs mainly at noon, while the net expenditure radiation peaks mainly at sunset. Total solar radiation, reflected short-wave radiation, ground radiation, and surface albedo are weakened during rainfall, while total solar radiation is weakened during snowfall. Ground snow leads to increased surface albedo, while reflected short-wave radiation is enhanced, thereby weakening daytime ground radiation and ground net radiation. Simultaneously, influenced by the thermal insulation effect of snow, ground radiation is enhanced compared to before snowfall at night. Both rainfall and snowfall have an enhanced effect on atmospheric counter radiation. The minimum surface albedo on rainy days is 0.16, while a snow depth of 5 cm can increase surface albedo to 0.96. New snow has a higher surface albedo than old snow, and stable snow has a daily average surface albedo of 0.72-0.88. The changes in the surface radiation budget, surface albedo, and snow albedo in the Gobi wetland are revealed to a certain extent, providing a reference for understanding the evolution of the underlying land surface process of the Gobi wetter in northwest China and offering a theoretical and scientific basis for further exploration of the physical process of land-atmosphere interaction and climate change in arid and semiarid areas of China.

Key words: Akedala atmospheric background station, surface radiation budget, surface albedo, snow albedo

WU Caiyun, HE Qing, XIE Xiang. Characteristics of the surface radiation budget of the Akedala atmospheric background station[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(6): 942-952.

Figures/Tables 11

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仪器型号	观测项目	测量范围	测量精度	采样频率
SMP22	太阳总辐射	210~2800 nm	<0.2%	采样频率1 Hz，间隔1 min进行采样，校正到1 s的绝对精度
SMP22	反射短波辐射	210~2800 nm	<0.2%
SGR4	大气逆辐射	4400~50000 nm	<1%
SGR4	地面长波辐射	4400~50000 nm	<1%
SL3-1	降雨量	-	±4%mm
DSS1	雪深	0~200 cm

月份	辐射分量
月份	太阳总辐射/MJ·m^-2	反射短波辐射/MJ·m^-2	大气逆辐射/MJ·m^-2	地面长波辐射/MJ·m^-2	净辐射/MJ·m^-2
1	203.99	153.68	560.20	651.42	-40.91
2	317.71	243.02	480.00	585.71	-30.01
3	387.22	146.71	706.04	842.69	103.87
4	627.01	180.92	714.01	979.89	180.21
5	749.72	211.14	897.27	1187.91	247.93
6	797.69	217.55	904.83	1199.31	285.67
7	772.93	213.82	943.92	1240.40	262.63
8	678.39	190.03	911.32	1188.15	211.52
9	502.55	143.47	816.82	1049.82	126.08
10	361.31	104.50	723.71	919.55	60.97
11	206.68	109.27	588.16	715.81	-30.23
12	167.54	126.75	570.66	659.43	-47.98

季节	辐射分量
季节	太阳总辐射/MJ·m^-2	反射短波辐射/MJ·m^-2	大气逆辐射/MJ·m^-2	地面长波辐射/MJ·m^-2	净辐射/ MJ·m^-2
春季	19.17±6.80	5.86±2.13	25.19±3.57	32.72±4.90	5.78±2.76
夏季	24.45±5.50	6.75±1.56	30.00±2.13	39.43±2.24	8.26±2.25
秋季	11.76±5.65	3.93±1.66	23.39±4.10	29.51±5.00	1.72±2.46
冬季	8.84±3.19	6.72±2.47	17.63±2.28	20.97±1.52	-1.32±0.74

降水过程	日期（年-月-日）	晴空指数	天气状况	降水过程	日期（年-月-日）	晴空指数	天气状况
降雨过程	2022-05-29	0.69	少云	降雪过程	2021-11-14	0.64	少云
	2022-05-30	0.60	少云		2021-11-15	0.10	雪
	2022-05-31	0.60	雨		2021-11-16	0.46	多云
	2022-06-01	0.21	雨		2021-11-17	0.69	少云
	2022-06-02	0.32	雨		2021-11-18	0.44	雪
	2022-06-03	0.76	晴		2021-11-19	0.31	雪
					2021-11-20	0.79	晴

Characteristics of the surface radiation budget of the Akedala atmospheric background station

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