基于居民感知的敦煌市旅游全球化路径研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.394

Abstract

Abstract:

The globalized image of a tourism city is based on residential identity and environmental perception under globalization. This study combs through the evolution process and characteristics of Dunhuang’s transformation from a localized city to a globalized city based on tourism since the start of the country’s reform and opening up policy, and tries to conclude the “reverse” globalization path based on cultural tourism that breaks through the traditional linear industrial transformation mode, in which states transform from agricultural to industrial, and then to the service industry. The results show the following: (1) The willingness of local residents to accept and adapt to foreign cultures, mindsets, and lifestyles promoted the globalization of Dunhuang City; the promotion of the globalization of Dunhuang City through international exchange and communication is indirectly achieved by enhancing the international visibility and influence of cultural tourism resources and promoting economic development through conferences; the globalization of the urban landscape and communication contributes to the globalization of cultural communication because the outstanding location of Dunhuang City, which is deep inland of western China, greatly promotes the cultural exchange and cooperation among cities; the path coefficient of urban landscape globalization perception on the tourism city brand globalization perception indicates that urban planning and the development of infrastructure and tourism service facilities can increase the visibility of Dunhuang City as an international tourism city and contribute to its integration into the international tourism network. (2) This study analyzes the driving mechanism of Dunhuang’s globalization from four behavioral aspects: the government, residents, foreign tourists, and academic institutions. From the development process of Dunhuang’s globalization, it can be seen that its globalization origins are from the opening of the city’s tourism and international cultural communication by promoting the city’s world heritage characteristics and having global tourism visits, receptions, and other city diplomacy events. Subsequently, Dunhuang’s international tourism drives the city’s construction and transformation, the related infrastructure and services continue to be modernized and internationalized, and a combination of foreign exchanges and tourism promotion meetings continues to broaden the city’s source market and improve the stability of the tourism market. Finally, Dunhuang’s urban transformation and cultural landscape feeds back into the city’s tourism and global marketing. This globalization process can be broadly divided into three phases: rapid start, stable development, and reform and development. The transformation and globalization of Dunhuang City can be divided into three phases: (1) transformation from a traditional agricultural county to a cultural tourism city, driven by the market demand generated by overseas tourist visits; (2) formation of an economic development model, which is underpinned by the cultural tourism industry and accelerates the construction and upgrade of urban infrastructure; (3) promotion of the transformation from a modern cultural tourism city to an “international exchange center” and “top international tourism center”, with deepening integration of cultural tourism industries and strengthening of the development of global target markets. The elements of globalization in Dunhuang City are spatially expressed as driven by market forces and influenced by government macropolicy regulation, and that the spatiotemporal evolution of tourism elements has obvious stages, imbalances, and unevenness.

Key words: globalization paths, perception of residents, structurals equation model, Dunhuang City

WANG Yidan, YANG Yongchun, LIU Qing, LU Zhongmingnan, HE Yao. Globalization path of cultural tourism cities based on residents’ perception: A case of Dunhuang City, China[J].Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 1024-1037.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Conceptual measurement"

概念	编码	观测变量	参考来源
全球化观念认同（GI）	GI1	我与世界联系紧密	Joseph等^[34];余洋洋等^[35];封丹等^[36]
	GI2	我乐于接受和学习外来文化、思想观念与生活方式
	GI3	我对全球世界有很强的依恋情感
	GI4	全球化对敦煌市旅游发展前景很重要
城市全球化形象感知（PGCI）	PGCI1	敦煌市正在全球化	Zhu等^[37]
	PGCI2	敦煌市在各历史时期都承担对外交往的重要国际职能
	PGCI3	敦煌市的旅游接待水平越来越全球化
	PGCI4	敦煌市文化的全球影响力越来越强
文化交流全球化感知（PCG）	PCG1	全球范围内研究学习“敦煌学”的机构、学者众多	余国扬^[31];文彤等^[38]
	PCG2	全球发行的有关敦煌学的论文、专著众多
	PCG3	敦煌市研究机构组织国际文化出访与来访批次日益增多
	PCG4	以敦煌市文化为题材的影视作品、歌舞剧、艺术等日益走向世界
	PCG5	敦煌市中西方文化交流较深，既影响着全球宗教文化，又塑造了地方浓厚的礼佛之风
	PCG6	敦煌学和宗教文化可以在全球的宗教信仰者引起共鸣
交通与通信全球化感知（PTCG）	PTCG1	敦煌市国际航空港建设日益完备，国际航空旅客吞吐量日益增大	刘卫东^[27];吴偲等^[39];马凌等^[26]
	PTCG2	敦煌市国际定期直飞航线覆盖区域越来越广
	PTCG3	敦煌市国际互联网出口带宽覆盖范围越来越广，互联网用户普及率日益提高
城市景观全球化感知（PULG）	PULG1	旅游建设促进了敦煌市的建筑形式国际化发展	卢松等^[40];张心怡等^[29]
	PULG2	敦煌市星级宾馆、饭店、国际旅行社日益增多
	PULG3	敦煌市的城市规划、建设、景区开发越来越面向全球化
	PULG4	敦煌市的国际会展中心、大剧院、博物馆文化设施建设越来越与国际接轨
旅游城市品牌全球化感知（PTCBG）	PTCBG1	敦煌市承办的国际节事、会议增多，全球旅游知名度提高	袁玲燕等^[41]
	PTCBG2	敦煌市莫高窟的佛教文化旅游具有全球影响力
	PTCBG3	敦煌市政府、文化研究机构越来越重视敦煌旅游品牌的全球营销与宣传
	PTCBG4	敦煌市的文创产品、地方美食、风俗文化、特色节庆对国际游客具有吸引力
城市外语环境感知（PFLUE）	PFLUE1	敦煌市会说外语或学习外语的人数越来越多	徐茗等^[42]
	PFLUE2	敦煌市的外文媒体、营销网站、旅游介绍、外文出版物日益增多
	PFLUE3	敦煌市的外文公共标识、旅游景区标识越来越多
	PFLUE4	地方当局对居民/从业人员英语学习的推广力度和重视程度越来越大

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

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潜变量	可测变量数	克朗巴哈系数（α值）	KMO统计量
全球化观念认同	4	0.641	0.709
城市全球化形象感知	4	0.733	0.748
文化交流全球化感知	6	0.803	0.806
交通与通信全球化感知	3	0.755	0.643
城市景观全球化感知	4	0.780	0.789
旅游城市品牌全球化感知	4	0.724	0.756
城市外语环境感知	4	0.812	0.651

假设模型	拟合指数
假设模型	CMIN/DF	NFI	CFI	IFI	TLI	RMR	RMSEA	PGFI	PNFI
理想标准	<3	>0.9	>0.9	>0.9	>0.9	<0.05	<0.05	>0.5	>0.5
初始概念模型M1	2.349	0.813	0.882	0.883	0.866	0.037	0.063	0.698	0.718
M1修正模型M2	1.998	0.844	0.914	0.915	0.901	0.035	0.054	0.706	0.732
模型M2拟合评价	理想	接受	理想	理想	理想	理想	接受	理想	理想

效应类型	路径	标准化路径系数
间接效应	交通与通信全球化→文化交流全球→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.04
	城市景观全球化→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.20
	城市景观全球化→文化交流全球化→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.05
	城市外语环境→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市形象全球化	0.07
	城市外语环境→文化交流全球化→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市形象全球化	0.02
	全球化观念认同→文化交流全球化→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.02
	文化交流全球化→旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.14
直接效应	旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.33
总效应	交通与通信全球化→城市全球化形象	0.04
	城市景观全球化→城市全球化形象	0.25
	城市外语环境→城市形象全球化	0.09
	全球化观念认同→城市全球化形象	0.41
	文化交流全球化→城市全球化形象	0.14
	旅游城市品牌全球化→城市全球化形象	0.33

Globalization path of cultural tourism cities based on residents’ perception: A case of Dunhuang City, China

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