新疆非物质文化遗产分布特征及旅游活化机制研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.061

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the strategic perspective of high-quality development of culture and tourism, this article considers the intangible cultural heritage resources of Xinjiang, China, as its research object. Through field research and by reviewing literature and historical materials, this study systematically analyzes the current situation, patterns, and problems of the revitalization development of intangible cultural heritage tourism in Xinjiang. This study also explores the spatial distribution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage in Xinjiang using GIS spatial analysis technology and then explores the correlation between intangible cultural heritage and tourism development using the SPSS software. Based on the above analysis, a mechanism and model for revitalizing and developing intangible cultural heritage tourism is summarized. The results show the following: (1) The development trend of intangible cultural heritage tourism revitalization in Xinjiang is good, and the heritage tourism activation mode is gradually diversified. The distribution of intangible cultural heritage types in Xinjiang has significant differentiation characteristics, with an unbalanced distribution of types and quantities. (2) The main distribution characteristics of national-level and provincial-level intangible cultural heritage include extreme core, highly and secondary dense, and faceted areas, showing an uneven pattern of clustering characteristics. (3) The abundance of intangible cultural heritage resources in different regions has a significant positive impact on tourism development, with tourism development levels in areas with dense intangible cultural heritage resources being relatively good, whereas tourism development in areas with scarce intangible cultural heritage resources is relatively slow. Finally, based on the above analysis, this article posits an interactive development mechanism for the activation of intangible cultural heritage tourism in Xinjiang, activates cultural heritage with tourism as the carrier, and promotes benign interactive development of intangible cultural heritage and tourism.

Key words: intangible cultural heritage, distribution characteristics, heritage tourism activation, Xinjiang

WANG Liming, LU Yinong, LI Xiaohu, LIU Xuling. Distribution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage and tourism activation mechanism in Xinjiang[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1968-1977.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 24

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旅游活化利用模式	举例	非遗代表性项目	评述
专题展览馆模式	帕米尔旅游区非遗传承展示中心：“非遗+扶贫”的新扶贫模式成果展示	塔吉克族民歌、婚俗、鹰舞、塔吉克族刺绣	主要依托非遗保护中心、传承展示中心、博物馆、文化馆以及线上媒体等形式进行集中展示与宣传，一般为单向文化输出与传播
专题展览馆模式	喀什地区文化馆：推出短视频宣传动画《阿凡提讲年俗》	阿凡提故事	主要依托非遗保护中心、传承展示中心、博物馆、文化馆以及线上媒体等形式进行集中展示与宣传，一般为单向文化输出与传播
休闲演艺模式	伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市乌孜别克族埃希来、叶来巡回演出	乌孜别克族埃希来、叶来	非遗文化内涵以舞台化的形式将非遗民间艺术向群众与游客展示，形式多样
休闲演艺模式	英吉沙鲁疆达瓦孜“非遗”演艺中心	维吾尔族达瓦孜	非遗文化内涵以舞台化的形式将非遗民间艺术向群众与游客展示，形式多样
旅游产品开发模式	伊宁市苏阿勒玛塔村“柯赛绣”非遗就业工坊，从事民族服饰和文创旅游产品的研发和生产	花毡、印花布织染技艺	通过“非遗+旅游”等新业态产品活化市场生机，其中“非遗+扶贫”就业工坊取得时效较为突出
旅游产品开发模式	阿克苏地区乐器之村加依村，主要生产都塔尔、萨塔尔、热瓦甫等乐器产品	民族乐器制作技艺（维吾尔族乐器制作技艺）	通过“非遗+旅游”等新业态产品活化市场生机，其中“非遗+扶贫”就业工坊取得时效较为突出
节会旅游开发模式	新疆是个好地方——非物质文化遗产年俗展	柯尔克孜族刺绣、草编	依托节会旅游（展览会、体育赛事、节日庆典等活动形式），丰富非遗传承发展的渠道，群众与游客的互动体验较多，但对文化的理解不够全面
节会旅游开发模式	伊犁哈萨克自治州第一届“石榴花”非遗巴扎活动，在喀赞其民俗旅游街区举行	哈萨克族花毡、锡伯族刺绣

地区	旅游总人数 /10⁴人次	旅游综合收入 /10⁸元	A级景区（数量/个）	国家级非遗数量/项	自治区级非遗数量/项
全省	34561.11	4176.76	513	140	410
乌鲁木齐市	7526.38	1137.60	5A(1)、4A(8)、3A(10)、2A(8)	15	41
克拉玛依市	1078.07	94.19	5A(1)、4A(1)、3A(14)、2A(1)	0	2
吐鲁番市	2336.65	227.20	5A(1)、4A(6)、3A(13)、2A(4)	8	15
哈密市	1569.38	56.73	4A(7)、3A(5)、2A(3)	5	22
昌吉回族自治州	4400.00	818.00	5A(1)、4A(10)、3A(37)、2A(4)	6	28
巴音郭楞蒙古自治州	2609.04	206.54	5A(2)、4A(9)、3A(15)、2A(1)	14	32
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州	1014.00	140.00	5A(1)、4A(2)、3A(15)、2A(1)	3	14
克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州	356.22	14.25	4A(1)、3A(11)	6	20
伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市	10326.40	1190.40	5A(2)、4A(22)、3A(30)、2A(26)	23	54
塔城地区	1029.00	104.50	4A(3)、3A(61)、2A(8)	14	38
阿勒泰地区	3361.10	384.80	5A(2)、4A(10)、3A(15)、2A(7)	6	38
阿克苏地区	1250.20	74.30	4A(15)、3A(27)、2A(3)	9	27
喀什地区	1517.25	152.13	5A(3)、4A(7)、3A(31)、2A(11)	22	56
和田地区	541.42	65.42	4A(6)、3A(19)、2A(11)、1A(1)	9	23

非遗项目级别	参数	旅游总人数	旅游综合收入	旅游资源丰裕度
国家级非遗	Sig	0.000	0.000	0.000
国家级非遗	R²	0.946	0.907	0.981
自治区级非遗	Sig	0.000	0.000	0.000
自治区级非遗	R²	0.956	0.920	0.988

Distribution characteristics of intangible cultural heritage and tourism activation mechanism in Xinjiang

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指标	第一批	第二批	第三批	第四批	第五批	总计
国家级非遗数量/项	23	56	31	17	13	140
国家级非遗传承人数量/人	11	13	23	17	48	112
自治区级非遗数量/项	108	97	85	79	41	410
自治区级非遗传承人数量/人	229	131	75	85	60	580

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