中国市域城乡收入差距时空演化及影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.257

Abstract

Abstract:

Common prosperity is a fundamental requirement of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and reducing the urban-rural income gap is a practical challenge in achieving common prosperity and urban-rural integration. This study analyzes the spatial-temporal evolution of China’s urban-rural income gap using kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis, and other research methods based on urban-rural income ratio data from 366 urban research units between 2012 and 2021. Furthermore, a geographical-weighted regression model is used to explore the spatial differentiation of various factors influencing the urban-rural income gap across different regions in China. The results show that: (1) From 2012 to 2021, the urban-rural income gap in China gradually reduced, and the relative difference in the urban-rural income gap among cities also reduced. (2) Low-value areas of the urban-rural income gap are mainly distributed in the southeast coastal areas, along with a few cities in Heilongjiang Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. In contrast, high-value areas are mainly distributed in the Yunnan-Guizhou mountain area, the Tibet Autonomous Region, and some cities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. Overall, the urban-rural income gap in China exhibits a spatial distribution pattern, which is high in the west and low in the east, high in the north and low in the south, and high in the middle and low at both ends. (3) At the city-level scale, the urban-rural income gap in China exhibits a significant spatial positive correlation, and the cities with large and small urban-rural income gaps tend to cluster. (4) Regional heterogeneity exists in the influencing factors, emphasizing the need for tailored policies to address the urban-rural income gap and promote coordinated urban-rural development based on local conditions in all regions.

Key words: urban-rural income gap, common prosperity, spatial distribution pattern, spatiotemporal evolution, influencing factors

JIANG Yuekun, SHI Pengjuan. Spatiotemporal evolution and its affecting factors of urban-rural income gap at the city-level scale in China[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(1): 147-157.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Tab. 1

Fig. 3

Tab. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

References 28

[1]	习近平. 高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜为全面建设社会主义现代化国家而团结奋斗——在中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会上的报告[N]. 人民日报, 2022-10-26(1).
	[Xi Jinping. Holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics and striving together to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way: Report at the 20^th National Congress of the Communist Party of China[N]. People’s Daily, 2022-10-26(1).]
[2]	黄应绘. 西部地区城乡居民收入差距的重新估计——基于经济收入与社会收入并重的视角[J]. 农业经济问题, 2012(6): 35-43.
	[Huang Yinghui. An re-estimation of the income gap between western urban and rural residents: Based on both economic income and social income perspective[J]. Issues of Agricultural Economy, 2012(6): 35-43.]
[3]	罗楚亮. 城乡收入差距的变化及其对全国收入差距的影响[J]. 劳动经济研究, 2017, 5(1): 21-47.
	[Luo Chuliang. Urban-rural income gap and its effects on national income inequality[J]. Labor Economics Research, 2017, 5(1): 21-47.]
[4]	Kuznets S. Economic growth and income inequality[J]. The American Economic Review, 1955, 45(1): 1-28.
[5]	Ahluwalia M S, Carter N G, Chenery H B. Growth and poverty in developing countries[J]. Journal of Development Economics, 1979, 6(3): 299-341. doi: 10.1016/0304-3878(79)90020-8
[6]	Sicular T, Ximing Y, Gustafsson B, et al. The urban-rural gap and income inequality in China: UNU-WIDER project meeting “inequality and poverty in China”[J]. Helsinki Finland, 2005, 7(3): 51-57.
[7]	王少平, 欧阳志刚. 中国城乡收入差距的度量及其对经济增长的效应[J]. 经济研究, 2007, 42(10): 44-55.
	[Wang Shaoping, Ouyang Zhigang. The rural-urban income disparity and its effects to economic growth in the case of China[J]. Economic Research, 2007, 42(10): 44-55.]
[8]	向书坚, 郑瑞坤, 杨璐瑶. 城乡居民收入差距对城镇化影响的地区差异及动态演进[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究, 2022, 39(7): 47-68.
	[Xiang Shujian, Zheng Ruikun, Yang Luyao. Regional differences and dynamic evolution of the impact of the income gap between urban and rural residents[J]. Journal of Quantitative and Technical Economics, 2022, 39(7): 47-68.]
[9]	丁志伟, 张改素, 王发曾. 中原地区多尺度城乡收入的时空分异[J]. 地理研究, 2015, 34(1): 131-148. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201501012
	[Ding Zhiwei, Zhang Gaisu, Wang Fazeng. Spatial-temporal differentiation of urban-rural income in Central Plains region at different scales[J]. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(1): 131-148.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201501012
[10]	俞彤晖. 中国城乡收入不平等的时空演进及影响因素分析——基于收入两极分化视角[J]. 北京工商大学学报(社会科学版), 2018, 33(3): 115-126.
	[Yu Tonghui. An analysis of temporal and spatial evolution in China’s urban and rural income inequality and its influencing factors based on the perspective of income polarization[J]. Journal of Beijing Technology and Business University (Social Science Edition), 2018, 33(3): 115-126.]
[11]	冀福俊. 数字经济对城乡收入差距的影响——基于产业结构高级化的调节效应分析[J]. 经济问题, 2023(2): 35-41.
	[Ji Fujun. The impact of digital economy on urban-rural income gap analysis of the moderating effect based on the industrial structure upgrading[J]. Economic Problems, 2023(2): 35-41.]
[12]	张粒粒. 重庆市城乡收入差距及其影响因素分析[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2020.
	[Zhang Lili. Analysis of urban and rural income gap and its influencing factors in Chongqing[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2020.]
[13]	陈迅, 孙成东. 城乡内部引起收入差距主要因素的对比分析——以山东省为例[J]. 技术经济, 2011, 30(1): 95-99.
	[Chen Xun, Sun Chengdong. Comparative analysis on main influencement factor of rural and urban income gap: A case of Shandong Province[J]. Technology & Economics, 2011, 30(1): 95-99.]
[14]	李俊杰, 米文宝, 宋永永, 等. 宁夏城乡收入差距时空分异及影响因素[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2016, 37(4): 785-793.
	[Li Junjie, Mi Wenbao, Song Yongyong, et al. Spatial-temporal differentiation and factors of urban-rural income gap in Ningxia[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2016, 37(4): 785-793.]
[15]	殷颂葵. 西北地区城乡收入差距的时空分异及影响因素[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2022, 43(1): 197-205.
	[Yin Songkui. A view on the changing characteristics and influencing factors of the urban-rural residents’ income gap in northwestern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2022, 43(1): 197-205.]
[16]	张锦宗, 朱瑜馨, 周晓钟. 中国城乡居民收入差距特征及趋势研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2018, 39(12): 237-243.
	[Zhang Jinzong, Zhu Yuxin, Zhou Xiaozhong. The characteristic and tendency of per capita annual income between urban and rural households in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2018, 39(12): 237-243.]
[17]	关春燕. 自然资源依赖对城乡收入差距的影响研究[J]. 中国农业资源与区划, 2019, 40(11): 121-129.
	[Guan Chunyan. Research on the impact of natural resources dependence on urban-rural income gap[J]. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, 2019, 40(11): 121-129.]
[18]	王悦, 马树才. 城镇化、产业结构升级对城乡收入差距的影响效应研究——基于空间滞后面板模型[J]. 西南民族大学学报(人文社科版), 2017, 38(4): 143-148.
	[Wang Yue, Ma Shucai. Study on the effect of urbanization and upgrading of industrial structure on urban-rural income gap: Based on spatial lag panel model[J]. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition), 2017, 38(4): 143-148.]
[19]	付占辉, 梅林, 刘艳军, 等. 东北三省城乡收入差距空间格局及其分异机制研究[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(9): 1473-1483. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.013
	[Fu Zhanhui, Mei Lin, Liu Yanjun, et al. Spatial pattern of urban-rural income disparity and its differentiation mechanism in three provinces of northeast China[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(9): 1473-1483.] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.09.013
[20]	张改素, 王发曾, 康珈瑜, 等. 长江经济带县域城乡收入差距的空间格局及其影响因素[J]. 经济地理, 2017, 37(4): 42-51. doi: 10.2307/142035
	[Zhang Gaisu, Wang Fazeng, Kang Jiayu, et al. Spatial pattern of urban-rural income gap and its influencing factors at county level in Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Economic Geography, 2017, 37(4): 42-51.] doi: 10.2307/142035
[21]	江孝君, 杨青山, 刘杰, 等. 中国多尺度城乡收入时空分异及影响因素[J]. 地域研究与开发, 2019, 38(4): 7-14.
	[Jiang Xiaojun, Yang Qingshan, Liu Jie, et al. Spatial-temporal differentiation of urban and rural income and its influencing factors in China on multi-scale[J]. Areal Research and Development, 2019, 38(4): 7-14.]
[22]	潘竟虎. 中国地级及以上城市城乡收入差距时空分异格局[J]. 经济地理, 2014, 34(6): 60-67.
	[Pan Jinghu. Spatiotemporal pattern of urban-rural income gap of prefecture level cities or above in China[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34(6): 60-67.]
[23]	王小鲁, 樊纲. 中国收入差距的走势和影响因素分析[J]. 经济研究, 2005(10): 24-36.
	[Wang Xiaolu, Fan Gang. Income inequality in China and its influential factors[J]. Economic Research, 2005(10): 24-36.]
[24]	万广华, 江葳蕤, 赵梦雪. 城镇化的共同富裕效应[J]. 中国农村经济, 2022(4): 2-22.
	[Wan Guanghua, Jiang Weirui, Zhao Mengxue. The common prosperity effect of urbanization[J]. China Rural Economy, 2022(4): 2-22.]
[25]	陈东平, 丁力人, 高名姿. 共同富裕背景下数字金融与城乡收入差距——基于地级市面板数据的实证研究[J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2022, 22(6): 171-182.
	[Chen Dongping, Ding Liren, Gao Mingzi. Digital finance and urban-rural income gap under the background of common prosperity: An empirical study based on the panel data of prefecture level cities[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2022, 22(6): 171-182.]
[26]	牟乃夏, 刘文宝, 王海银, 等. ArcGIS10 地理信息系统教程——从初学到精通[M]. 北京: 测绘出版社, 2012.
	[Mu Naixia, Liu Wenbao, Wang Haiyin, et al. ArcGIS10 GIS course: From beginner to master[M]. Beijing: Surveying and Mapping Publishing House, 2012.]
[27]	王雅琴, 杨海梅, 范文波, 等. 近50 a新疆风蚀气候侵蚀力迁移特征及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(2): 370-378.
	[Wang Yaqin, Yang Haimei, Fan Wenbo, et al. Migration characteristics of wind erosion climate erosivity and its influencing factors in Xinjiang in recent 50 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(2): 370-378.]
[28]	Tobler W R. A computer movie simulating urban growth in the detroitregion[J]. Economic Geography, 1970, 46(2): 234-240. doi: 10.2307/143141

年份	低城乡收入差距		中城乡收入差距		高城乡收入差距		极高城乡收入差距
年份	城市数量/个	占比/%	城市数量/个	占比/%	城市数量/个	占比/%	城市数量/个	占比/%
2012	0	0.00	168	45.90	154	42.08	44	12.02
2013	1	0.27	191	52.19	141	38.52	33	9.02
2014	1	0.27	231	63.11	122	33.33	12	3.28
2015	2	0.55	236	64.48	118	32.24	10	2.73
2016	1	0.27	243	66.39	114	31.15	8	2.19
2017	1	0.27	249	68.03	109	29.78	7	1.91
2018	2	0.55	252	68.85	106	28.96	6	1.64
2019	4	1.09	261	71.31	96	26.23	5	1.37
2020	7	1.91	284	77.60	71	19.40	4	1.09
2021	9	2.46	298	81.42	56	15.30	3	0.82

年份	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021
Moran’s I	0.303	0.303	0.323	0.299	0.304	0.299	0.306	0.304	0.302	0.296
Z值	20.956	20.942	22.350	20.671	21.016	20.956	21.146	21.028	20.897	20.444
P值	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Spatiotemporal evolution and its affecting factors of urban-rural income gap at the city-level scale in China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 28

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	LI Shiyi, GUAN Quanli. Influence of farmers’ irrigation behavior goals on irrigation water efficiency: A case of Xayar County [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(1): 48-57.
[2]	YANG Yu, SONG Futie, ZHANG Jie. Spatial structure characteristics and influencing factors of financial network of China based on geodetectors [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(9): 1524-1535.
[3]	LI Jianhui, CHEN Lin, DANG Zheng. Spatial pattern and influencing factors of patriotic education bases in the Yellow River Basin [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(9): 1536-1544.
[4]	ZHANG Hao, HAN Zenglin, QIAO Guorong, WANG Hui, WANG Hongye, DUAN Ye. Patterns and influencing factors of tourism economic linkages between cities in the Yellow River Basin [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1344-1354.
[5]	BAI Yang,HU Jingxuan,CHEN Chunyan,LU Wen. Regional differences and influencing factors of efficiency of tourism aid for Xinjiang: Based on three-stage DEA and Tobit model [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1366-1375.
[6]	WU Haijuan, ZHENG Fang, YI Jieyan. Residential satisfaction and its influencing factors in ecological immigrant villages and towns [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1387-1396.
[7]	KONG Deming, HAO Lisha, XIA Siyou, LI Hongbo. Food security in the argo-pastoral ecotone of northern China from the perspective of grain yield [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(5): 782-792.
[8]	LU Xiongying, LIU Xiande, MA Rui, ZHAO Weijun, JING Wenmao, HE Xiaoling, ZHAO Changxing. Response of Picea crassifolia forest regeneration characteristics to topographic factors in Pailugou watershed of Qilian Mountains [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(4): 604-613.
[9]	LI Xinyu,WANG Jingpu,WANG Zhoulong. Research progress on aerodynamic roughness [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 407-417.
[10]	TIAN Xiaobo,HU Jing,JIA Yaoyan,ZHU Lei. Exploring the causes of spatial differentiation of tourism development level in the high-quality development stage: Empirical evidence of Yellow River Basin based on factor decomposition [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 460-470.
[11]	CHENG Jing,WANG Peng,CHEN Hongxiang,HAN Yonggui. Spatiotemporal evolution of habitat quality in the Weihe River Basin and its topographic gradient effects and influencing factors [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 481-491.
[12]	GAO Yanzhe, Alatengtuya , TAN Na, Aorigele . Lake changes and their influence factors in the Mongolian Plateau from 2000 to 2020 [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 191-200.
[13]	JIANG Lu,LIU Yanjuan,SHI Xiaonan,DING Bowenpeng,CHEN Hongyu. Household energy consumption in urban communities in Qinghai Plateau based on material flow: A case of Xining City [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(2): 294-304.
[14]	XU Xiaoliang, HUANG Dan, LIU Xuyi, GUAN Jingyun. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of provincial tourism efficiency in China [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(12): 2052-2060.
[15]	WU Zhixiang, ZHANG Zhibin, ZHAO Xuewei, CHEN Long, MA Xiaomin, CHAI Jiao. Spatiotemporal distribution pattern and influencing factors of A-level tourist attractions in northwestern China [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(12): 2061-2073.