额河源流采金矿区不同恢复措施对矿区物种多样性和地上生物量的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.03.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以额河源流采金后废弃矿区为研究对象，于2011—2015年期间，通过采取不同恢复措施从被破坏矿区草地植物多样性和生物量的角度分析植被恢复效果。结果表明：（1）不同恢复措施促使各植物群落的物种数增加了5%～30%,说明采取恢复措施使得矿区生态环境得到了一定程度的恢复。（2）综合植被群落结构、盖度和地上生物量、物种多样性指数分析，措施A5（推平+圈羊）、A4（推平+补水）、A3（推平+覆土+黑加仑）较其他措施恢复效果更为显著。（3）通过对各样地植被丰富度指数（R）、ShannonWiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数（D）、Pielou (Jsw)指数与地上生物量分别进行回归分析,发现指数曲线拟合关系最好。表明物种多样性与地上生物量均存在较显著的正相关关系(P <0.05)。本研究可为类似矿区的植被恢复与重建提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 额河源流, 人工措施, 矿区, 物种多样性, 生物量

Abstract:

In recent years,due to the exploitation of the gold mine along the Ertix River,Xinjiang,China and the intensive grazing,the local ecological environment has deteriorated drastically.The ecological restoration of the mining areas is a hot issue for scholars at home and abroad.By using reasonable ecological restoration measures in damaged mining areas can not only reduce their selfrecovery period,but also form different community types that adapt to the special habitat of the mining areas,enhancing the species diversity and ecological stability.In this context,this paper takes the abandoned gold mining areas along the Ertix River as the research object to investigate 5 different restoration measures using sampling experiments started in October 2011.The five kinds of measures included the artificial soil covering (the soil was taken around the experimental area,and then the soil was evenly applied to cover the surface after the surface levelling,and the thickness was generally 2 to 3 cm),the blackcurrant planting (Planting black currant on the land after the surface levelling),water replenishment treatment (the spring flood was introduced to the experimental area,mainly in the form of flood overflow and river water supply near the experimental site of the river.),sheep encamping (in order to improve the soil nutrient conditions and optimize the vegetation growth environment),mud distribution by spraying (water and soil were mixed at a volume ratio of 9∶1,and then pumped out with a water pump and sprayed evenly in the experimental area.) and the sheep dung coverage (the soil was directly covered by the sheep manure at a thickness of 0.5 cm,1 cm,1.5 cm,and 2.0 cm in the test sites respectively after the surface levelling,and the recovery effect was observed one year later).By setting eight experimental areas with a size of 400 m×200 m (56 sample plots all together),the type,frequency,height and other indicators of the species in each experimental site were recorded,and the aboveground biomass of the vegetation was determined by the harvest method.The effects of the difference restoration measures (planting blackcurrants,artificial hydration,flocking,etc.) on species diversity and biomass of the plant were analyzed by using the statistical s/w packages SPSS and Excel.The results show as follows: (1) by adopting different restoration measures,the ecological environment of the damaged mining area has been significantly improved,and the number of species in each plant community has been increased by 5% to 30%. (2) From the perspective of the vegetation community structure,vegetation coverage,aboveground biomass and species diversity,the effect of the measures of A5 (corralling flock),A4 (water supplement),A3 (covering soil and planting blackcurrants) were much better. (3) There was a significant positive correlation between species diversity and aboveground biomass (P <0.05) by regression analysis.This study could provide reference for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in similar mining areas.

Key words: the Ertix River, artificial restoration measures, mining area, species diversity, biomass

许佳, 祝晓瞳, 苑塏烨. 额河源流采金矿区不同恢复措施对矿区物种多样性和地上生物量的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(3): 581-589.

XU Jia, ZHU Xiaotong, YUAN Kaiye. Effects of different restoration measures on species diversity and aboveground biomass of the gold mining area in headwaters of the Ertix River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(3): 581-589.

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