利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.405

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 847-859.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.405

利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源

白慧^1,^2,^3,⁴(),尹丽颖^1,⁵,苏辉明⁶,高峰⁶,穆玉琴⁶,张芸芸^4,⁵,童玉平^1,^2,^3,⁴,徐文轩^1,^2,³,,曹秋梅^1,²,,杨维康^1,^2,³,,徐峰^1,^2,^3,⁴

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所标本馆,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所木垒野生动物监测实验站,新疆木垒 831900
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
5.石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子 832003
6.新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区管理局,新疆阜康 831500

收稿日期:2021-09-10 修回日期:2022-01-03 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-05-31
作者简介:白慧（1996-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事动物生态学研究. E-mail: 383393286@qq.com
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0501);中国科学院生物多样性监测研究网络项目(Sino-BON)

Camera trapping survey of birds and mammals in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, China

BAI Hui^1,^2,^3,⁴(),YIN Liying^1,⁵,SU Huiming⁶,GAO Feng⁶,MU Yuqing⁶,ZHANG Yunyun^4,⁵,TONG Yuping^1,^2,^3,⁴,XU Wenxuan(),CAO Qiumei^1,^2,³,YANG Weikang^1,²,XU Feng^1,^2,³

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. The Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Mori Wildlife Monitoring and Experimentation Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mori 831900, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
6. Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve Administration, Fukang 831500, Xinjiang, China

Received:2021-09-10 Revised:2022-01-03 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-05-31
Contact: Wenxuan XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红外相机技术目前已成为监测陆栖哺乳动物和地栖鸟类的常用技术手段。为监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区内鸟类和兽类资源,于2019年7月—2020年9月,在保护区内选取30个红外相机位点共布设58台红外相机,累积工作29730个工作日,共获得99850份图像及视频数据,采集独立有效照片5744张;共观测到野生陆生脊椎动物9目19科29种,其中兽类5目10科15种,鸟类4目9科14种。观测到的动物中有国家I级重点保护野生动物雪豹（Panthera uncia）,国家II级重点保护野生动物6种,分别为北山羊（Capra sibirica）、马鹿（Cervus canadensis）、猞猁（Lynx lynx）、赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）、黑鸢（Milvus migrans）以及暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）。森林生境中,兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=60.569）,鸟类相对多度指数最高的是山斑鸠（Streptopelia orientalis,RAI=0.854）;高山草甸及裸岩生境中,兽类相对多度指数最高的是马鹿（RAI=18.693）,鸟类相对多度指数最高的是暗腹雪鸡（RAI=0.316）和黄嘴山鸦（Pyrrhocorax graculus,RAI=0.854）。物种累积曲线结果显示：兽类物种数在200 d之后几乎不再增长,而鸟类物种数在100 d之后增速放缓但一直持续增长,表明时长450 d的红外相机监测力度对保护区中的兽类而言较为充分,对鸟类而言还不够充分。研究结果可为新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区野生陆生脊椎动物多样性监测与评估提供数据参考,为该保护区的保护管理工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 相对多度指数, 网格占有率, 物种累积曲线, 物种多样性

Abstract:

Infrared cameras have the advantages of minimal disturbance to animals, continuous photography of hidden species, and easy preservation and retrieval of image data. It is suitable for monitoring medium to large mammals and terrestrial birds to obtain their real existence statuses. In this study, we systematically investigated and determined the species diversity of wild mammals and birds in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, China. In July 2019—September 2020, 58 infrared cameras were placed at 30 planned locations across the reserve. We obtained 99850 images and videos during a survey of 29730 camera days and collected 5744 independent valid photos after screening. A total of 29 species belonging to 9 orders and 19 families were observed, among which we found 15 mammal species belonging to 5 orders and 10 families, and 14 bird species belonging to 4 orders and 9 families in the reserve. One Class I National Key Protected Species of wild animals was the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), and six Class II National Key Protected Species of wild animals were the sibirica ibex (Capra sibirica), red deer (Cervus canadensis), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), black kite (Milvus migrans), and Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis). The presence of three carnivores, namely, snow leopards, Eurasian lynx, and red fox, indirectly confirmed the health of the Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve ecosystem. In forest habitat, the most abundant mammal specials with the highest RAI was the red deer (RAI=60.569), and the most abundant avian species with the highest RAI was the turtledove (Streptopelia orientalis, RAI=0.854). In alpine meadow and bare rock habitat, the most abundant mammal species with the highest RAIs was the red deer (RAI=18.693), and the most abundant avian species with the highest RAIs were the Himalayan snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis, RAI=0.316) and yellow-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax graculus, RAI=0.854). The species accumulation curve showed that the number of mammal species recorded using the infrared camera will not increase until 200 days. After 100 days, the growth in the number of bird species slowed but did not halt until the research ended. The presence of three carnivores, namely, snow leopards, Eurasian lynx, and red fox, indirectly confirms the health of the Bogda Nature Reserve ecosystem. In this study, the species diversity of wild mammals and birds in Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve was continuously observed using the infrared camera for the first time, and we obtained a large amount of image data. It provides a reliable reference for systematically revealing mammal and bird diversity monitoring and assessment in the reserve as well as provides the scientific foundation for subsequent conservation and management. In the future, we will increase the number of infrared camera monitoring sites and expand the scope of surveillance, extend the time of monitoring, and establish a long-term monitoring mechanism. When necessary, traditional sample methods such as line transect and infrared camera monitoring methods were combined to obtain more systematic and accurate monitoring data and results of bird and mammal diversity in the reserve.

Key words: relative abundance index, grid occupancy, accumulative curve of species number, species diversity

白慧,尹丽颖,苏辉明,高峰,穆玉琴,张芸芸,童玉平,徐文轩,,曹秋梅,,杨维康,,徐峰. 利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(3): 847-859.

BAI Hui,YIN Liying,SU Huiming,GAO Feng,MU Yuqing,ZHANG Yunyun,TONG Yuping,XU Wenxuan,CAO Qiumei,YANG Weikang,XU Feng. Camera trapping survey of birds and mammals in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 847-859.

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位点编号	相机编号	经度/E	纬度/N	海拔/m	典型生境特征描述
TB-1	48、49	88°15'53.80"	43°48'51.68"	3625	山脊
TB-2	50、51	88°15'38.12"	43°48'53.29"	3880	山脊
TB-3	46、47	88°16'58.11"	43°49'23.04"	3610	山坡
TB-4	36、37、38、39	88°17'36.17"	43°49'41.35"	3545	山坡
TB-5	44、45	88°17'34.00"	43°50'40.83"	3280	溪边
TB-6	40、41、42、43	88°16'43.27"	43°51'38.44"	3230	山坡
TB-7	32、33	88°15'27.24"	43°52'30.50"	3398	山坡
TB-8	34、35	88°15'56.91"	43°53'16.80"	3010	山坡
TB-9	18、19	88°15'18.59"	43°54'49.80"	2615	山坡
TB-10	30、31	88°15'36.05"	43°54'50.97"	2865	山坡
TB-11	26、27	88°15'52.89"	43°54'49.37"	3066	山坡
TB-12	22	88°16'02.70"	43°54'54.88"	3240	山脊
TB-13	23	88°16'10.82"	43°55'06.50"	3320	山脊
TB-14	69	88°09'18.66"	43°52'19.05"	1910	针叶林
TB-15	71	88°09'35.15"	43°52'29.59"	2030	林间开阔地
TB-16	52、53	88°10'01.33"	43°52'31.88"	2096	林间开阔地
TB-17	54、55	88°10'26.90"	43°52'45.30"	2202	溪边
TB-18	56、57、67	88°06'27.99"	43°51'58.64"	2686	针叶林
TB-19	58	88°06'00.05"	43°52'58.63"	2480	林间开阔地
TB-20	59	88°06'18.88"	43°52'52.51"	2520	针叶林
TB-21	60、61	88°06'04.83"	43°53'26.01"	2208	针叶林
TB-22	16、17	88°08'36.61"	43°55'09.46"	1904	垭口
TB-23	15	88°08'07.64"	43°55'32.85"	1790	林间开阔地
TB-24	4、5、6	88°08'34.61"	43°55'45.94"	1788	针叶林
TB-25	1、2、3	88°08'24.59"	43°55'57.18"	1605	针叶林
TB-26	10	88°09'22.06"	43°55'42.19"	1906	针叶林
TB-27	11、12	88°10'03.96"	43°56'02.35"	1920	垭口
TB-28	14	88°09'43.32"	43°56'24.18"	1726	林间开阔地
TB-29	13	88°09'28.53"	43°56'05.20"	1777	林间开阔地
TB-30	7、8、9	88°08'42.78"	43°56'15.84"	1620	林间开阔地

纲	目	科	物种	IUCN 红色名录	中国脊椎动物红色名录	国家保护等级	红外相机位点数	独立有效照片数	相对多度指数（RAI）	网格占有率（GO）/%
哺乳纲 Mammalia	偶蹄目 Artiodactyla	猪科 Suidae	1. 野猪 Sus scrofa	LC	LC		14	562	9.057	82.353
		鹿科 Cervidae	2. 马鹿 Cervus elaphus	LC	EN	II	17	3760	60.596	100.000
			3. 狍 Capreolus pygargus	LC	NT		4	28	45.125	23.529
	食肉目 Carnivora	鼬科 Mustelidae	4. 亚洲狗獾 Meles leucurus	NT	NT		3	10	0.161	17.647
		犬科 Canidae	5. 赤狐 Vulpes vulpes	LC	NT	II	3	15	0.242	17.647
		猫科 Felidae	6. 猞猁 Lynx lynx	LC	EN	II	2	2	0.032	11.765
	兔形目 Lagomorpha	兔科 Leporidae	7. 蒙古兔 Lepus tolai	LC	LC		1	9	0.145	5.882
	啮齿目 Rodentia	松鼠科 Sciuridaep	8. 松鼠 Sciurus vulgaris	LC	NT		1	16	0.258	5.882
鸟纲 Aves	隼形目 Falconiformes	鹰科 Accipitridae	9. 黑鸢 Milvus migrans	LC	LC	II	2	2	0.032	11.765
	鸽形目 Columbiformes	鸠鸽科 Columbidae	10. 山斑鸠 Streptopelia orientalis	LC	LC		3	53	0.854	17.647
	雀形目Passeriformes	鸦科 Corvidae	11. 小嘴乌鸦 Corvus corone	LC	LC		1	4	0.064	5.882
			12. 星鸦 Nucifraga caryocatactes	LC	LC		1	11	0.177	5.882
		鹟科 Muscicapidae	13. 红腹红尾鸲 Phoenicurus erythrogastrus	LC	LC		1	1	0.016	5.882
家畜 Livestock			14. 马 Equus caballus				8	30	0.483	47.059
			15. 牛 Bos taurus				5	90	1.450	29.412

纲	目	科	物种	IUCN红色名录	中国脊椎动物红色名录	国家保护等级	红外相机位点数	独立有效照片数	相对多度指数（RAI）	网格占有率（GO）/%
哺乳纲 Mammalia	偶蹄目 Artiodactyla	猪科 Suidae	1. 野猪 Sus scrofa	LC	LC		2	80	1.686	15.39
		鹿科 Cervidae	2. 马鹿 Cervus elaphus	LC	EN	II	4	887	18.693	30.77
		牛科 Bovidae	3. 北山羊 Capra sibirica	NT	NT	II	8	40	0.843	61.54
	食肉目 Carnivora	鼬科 Mustelidae	4. 白鼬 Mustela erminea	LC	EN		1	1	0.021	7.69
		犬科 Canidae	5. 赤狐 Vulpes vulpes	LC	NT	II	4	20	0.421	30.77
		猫科 Felidae	6. 雪豹 Panthera uncia	VU	EN	I	2	2	0.042	15.39
	啮齿目 Rodentia	仓鼠科 Circetidae	7. 普通田鼠 Microtus arvalis	LC	LC		2	4	0.084	15.39
鸟纲 Aves	雀形目 Passeriformes	鸦科 Corvidae	8. 黄嘴山鸦 Pyrrhocorax graculus	LC	LC		2	15	0.316	15.39
		鹟科 Muscicapidae	9. 红腹红尾鸲 Phoenicurus erythrogastrus	LC	LC		2	3	0.063	15.39
		燕雀科 Fringillidae	10. 白斑翅拟蜡嘴雀 Mycerobas carnipes	LC	LC		1	4	0.084	7.69
			11. 林岭雀 Leucosticte nemoricola	LC	LC		2	6	0.126	15.39
			12. 高山岭雀 Leucosticte brandti	LC	LC		2	4	0.084	15.39
		岩鹨科 Prunellidea	13. 高原岩鹨 Prunella himalayana	LC	LC		1	1	0.021	7.69
		雀科Passeridae	14. 白斑翅雪雀Montifringillla nivalis	LC	LC		1	1	0.021	7.69
		鸫科Turdidae	15. 乌鸫 Eurasian Thrush	LC	LC		1	1	0.021	7.69
	鸡形目Galliformes	雉科Phasianidae	16. 暗腹雪鸡 Tetraogallus himalayensis	LC	NT	II	4	15	0.316	30.77
			17. 石鸡 Alectoris chukar	LC	LC		2	4	0.084	15.39
家畜Livestock			18. 马 Equus caballus				3	3	0.063	23.08
			19. 牛Bos taurus				3	51	1.074	23.08
			20. 山羊Capra hircus				4	9	0.19	30.77

利用红外相机监测新疆天池博格达峰自然保护区鸟兽资源

Camera trapping survey of birds and mammals in the Tianchi Bogda Peak Nature Reserve of Xinjiang, China

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