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干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 534-548.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.137 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025137

• 生物与土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古哈腾套海国家级自然保护区植被变化特征与群落组成现状

李明轩1(), 类冬雪1, 丁国栋1,2,3,4(), 王瀚卓1   

  1. 1.北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京 100083
    2.林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京 100083
    3.水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京 100083
    4.宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,宁夏 吴忠 751500
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-11 修回日期:2025-11-13 出版日期:2026-03-25 发布日期:2026-03-24
  • 通讯作者: 丁国栋(1963-),男,博士,教授,主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: dch1999@263.net
  • 作者简介:李明轩(2000-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: cattleyal118@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅项目”(2024JBGS0013)

Characteristics of vegetation change and current status of community composition in the Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve, Inner Mongolia

LI Mingxuan1(), LEI Dongxue1, DING Guodong1,2,3,4(), WANG Hanzhuo1   

  1. 1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
    2. Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering (MOE), Beijing 100083, China
    3. Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing 100083, China
    4. Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, Wuzhong 751500, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2025-03-11 Revised:2025-11-13 Published:2026-03-25 Online:2026-03-24

摘要:

内蒙古哈腾套海国家级自然保护区属于典型荒漠向草原化荒漠的过渡带,是内蒙古西部重要的荒漠生态系统。30多年以来,保护区植被状况发生了显著变化,因此系统地分析保护区植被分布格局具有巨大意义。采用野外调查和遥感图像解译相结合的方法,深入分析2000—2023年保护区植被变化特征与群落组成现状。结果表明:(1)保护区植被覆盖度(FVC)以0.0027·a-1的速率增长,且呈现“西低、东高”格局,植被格局总体稳定,但总体健康状态堪忧。(2)保护区内共有高等植物47科135属199种,其中保护植物6种、入侵植物2种,植物区系组成以温带分布类型为主。植被可划分为11个群系,隶属5个植被型,以西部山区广泛分布的旱生灌木群系为优势类型。调查研究表明,当前植物多样性呈下降趋势,部分保护植物已消失,但发现了蒺藜草(Cenchrus echinatus)和圆叶牵牛(Ipomoea purpurea)2种入侵植物;尽管群系类型较为丰富,但整体结构较为简单。(3)蒸散发和高程是影响FVC和植被群系分布的最主要驱动因子,近年来,人为干扰的影响显著减弱,反映出生态保护政策的实施已取得一定成效。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 植物区系, 群落分类, 物种多样性, 哈腾套海国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

The Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, China, lies within a typical transitional zone between desert and grassland desert and represents a crucial desert ecosystem in western Inner Mongolia. over the past three decades, the reserve’s vegetation has undergone significant changes, making a systematic analysis of its vegetation distribution patterns highly significant. In this study, using a combination of field surveys and remotesensing image interpretation, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the vegetation change characteristics and community composition within the reserve between 2000 and 2023. The results indicated that (1) Fractional vegetation coverage increased at a rate of 0.0027·a-1 across the reserve, exhibiting a “low in the west, high in the east” pattern. However, while the overall vegetation pattern remained stable, its general health status was concerning. (2) The reserve hosts 199 species of higher plants distributed across 47 families and 135 genera, including 6 protected species and 2 invasive species, and the flora predominantly comprises temperate distribution types. The vegetation can be classified into 11 plant communities belonging to 5 vegetation types, with the xeric shrub (widely distributed in the western mountains) being the dominant type. Surveys indicated a declining trend in plant diversity, with some protected species disappearing and two invasive species (namely, Cenchrus echinatus and Ipomoea purpurea) being introduced. Despite relatively rich community types, the overall structure remains simple. (3) Evapotranspiration and elevation are the primary drivers influencing fractional vegetation coverage and vegetation community distribution. In recent years, the impact of human disturbance has significantly diminished, reflecting the effectiveness of ecological conservation policies.

Key words: fractional vegetation coverage, floristic, community classification, species diversity, Hatengtaohai National Nature Reserve