额哈铁路内蒙古段大风条件下几种下垫面风沙流输沙的粒度特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.560

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (12): 2158-2168.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.560 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024560

额哈铁路内蒙古段大风条件下几种下垫面风沙流输沙的粒度特征

郭琪¹^,²(), 闫敏¹^,²(), 左合君¹^,², 刘亚琪¹^,², 徐福建¹^,², 姜春钰¹^,²

¹ 内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
² 内蒙古自治区风沙物理与防沙治沙工程重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2024-09-15 修回日期:2024-12-10 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-30
通讯作者: 闫敏（1992-），男，副教授，主要从事荒漠化防治及交通线路沙害、风吹雪害防治研究. E-mail: ym5233@126.com
作者简介:郭琪（1999-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: gq7q7q7@126.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区自然基金项目(2021BS03039);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR220504);内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT2408)

Grain size characteristics of wind-blown sand transport on several underlying surfaces under strong wind conditions in Inner Mongolia section of Ejina-Hami Railway

GUO Qi¹^,²(), YAN Min¹^,²(), ZUO Hejun¹^,², LIU Yaqi¹^,², XU Fujian¹^,², JIANG Chunyu¹^,²

¹ College of Desert Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
² Key Laboratory of Aeolian Sand Physics and Sand Control Engineering in Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-09-15 Revised:2024-12-10 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对戈壁区额哈铁路内蒙古段不同下垫面风沙流中沙粒粒度特征进行分析，结合野外观测与室内激光粒度分析方法，揭示戈壁区铁路沿线砾质荒漠、流动沙丘、剥蚀丘陵戈壁及其对应的防护措施在风沙作用下的风沙流输沙的粒度特性。结果表明：（1）额哈铁路K728+000~K843+000段下垫面沙粒主要由细砂、中砂和极细砂组成，粒度频率曲线呈单峰分布，风沙流结构在自然条件及风沙防治工程下均呈指数分布，且不同高度层砂粒组分存在显著差异。（2）在自然条件下，0~4 cm层沙物质变化不显著，而在4~10 cm层，极细砂和细砂易被风力携带至更高层。10~50 cm层主要由细砂与中砂组成，占比83.57%。风沙防治工程在低层（0~20 cm）能减缓53.98%的细砂和中砂含量，高层（20~50 cm）则有效截留37.47%的极细砂。（3）在0~50 cm高度内，各粒度组分的垂直分异现象显著。随着高度的升高，平均粒径变小，细砂的含量呈现出逐渐增多的趋势。各下垫面的风沙流中，极细砂和细砂的含量与高度之间存在显著的相关性（P≤0.05）。分选系数、峰度值和偏度值会随着高度的增加而增大，当高度超过50 cm，风沙流中的沙物质分选性出现变差，各粒度特征变化不明显。

关键词: 风沙流, 粒度特征, 下垫面, 额哈铁路, 戈壁区

Abstract:

This study investigates the grain size characteristics of wind-blown sand flow over the gravel desert, moving sand dunes, and eroded hills, as well as the corresponding protective measures along a railway in the Gobi area. The study is based on an analysis of the grain size characteristics of sand particles in the wind-blown sand flows of different underlying surfaces in the Inner Mongolia section of the Ejina-Hami (E-Ha) Railway, in the Gobi area, combined with field observations and indoor laser-based particle-size analysis methods. Results revealed that the sand on the underlying surface of the K728+000~K843+000 section of the E-Ha Railway was mainly composed of fine sand, medium sand, and very fine sand. The particle-size frequency curve shows one peak distribution. The sand flow structure was exponentially distributed under natural conditions and sand control projects, and the sand composition differed significantly at various heights. In addition, under natural conditions, there was no significant change in sand material in the 0-4 cm layer, whereas in the 4-10 cm layer, very fine sand and fine sand were easily carried to higher levels by wind. The 10-50 cm layer was primarily composed of fine and medium sand, accounting for 83.57% of the railway sand. The blown-sand prevention and control project can decrease the fine and medium sand content in the low layer (0-20 cm) by 53.98% and effectively intercept 37.47% of the very fine sand in the high layer (20-50 cm). Lastly, in the height range of 0-50 cm, the vertical differentiation of each particle size component was significant. When the height increased, the average particle size decreased and the content of fine sand gradually increased. In the wind-blown sand flow of each underlying surface, there was a significant correlation between the contents of very fine sand and fine sand and height (P≤0.05). The sorting coefficient, kurtosis value, and skewness value increased with increasing height. When the height exceeded 50 cm, the sorting of sand in the wind-sand flow became worse and the characteristics of each particle size did not change significantly.

Key words: wind-sand flow, grain-size parameter, underlying surface, Ejina-Hami Railway, Gobi area

郭琪, 闫敏, 左合君, 刘亚琪, 徐福建, 姜春钰. 额哈铁路内蒙古段大风条件下几种下垫面风沙流输沙的粒度特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(12): 2158-2168.

GUO Qi, YAN Min, ZUO Hejun, LIU Yaqi, XU Fujian, JIANG Chunyu. Grain size characteristics of wind-blown sand transport on several underlying surfaces under strong wind conditions in Inner Mongolia section of Ejina-Hami Railway[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(12): 2158-2168.

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编号	土样采集地区	粗砂（Φ<1）/%	中砂（Φ1~2）/%	细砂（Φ2~3）/%	极细砂（Φ3~4）/%	粉粒（Φ4~9）/%	黏粒（Φ>9）/%
LDSQ	流动沙丘	2.98	34.50	39.59	18.21	1.75	2.97
NLW+SS	尼龙网方格+梭梭措施	0.56	45.93	52.46	1.01	0.01	0.03
BSQL	剥蚀丘陵戈壁	7.56	45.93	45.46	1.01	0.01	0.03
NLW	尼龙网方格沙障措施	0.02	19.68	71.21	8.40	0.26	0.43
LZHM	砾质荒漠	4.15	29.28	56.96	7.49	0.24	1.88
SS	梭梭林措施	3.88	50.46	41.38	3.63	0.13	0.52

编号	土样采集地区	平均粒径（MZ）	分选系数（σ）	偏度（SK）	峰态（KG）
LDSQ	流动沙丘	2.063	0.712	0.244	3.359
NLW+SS	尼龙网方格+梭梭措施	2.569	1.374	-0.138	1.372
BSQL	剥蚀丘陵戈壁	0.953	3.745	0.357	2.135
NLW	梭梭林措施	3.572	2.003	0.197	1.757
LZHM	砾质荒漠	1.079	2.627	0.207	2.957
SS	尼龙网方格沙障措施	2.311	2.151	0.217	2.679

编号	组分	高度/cm	拟合方程	R²	编号	组分	高度/cm	拟合方程	R²
LDSQ	粉砂	0~100	y=0.0084x-0.0497	0.7882	BSQ	中砂	0~100	y=-0.1968x+54.476	0.8059
	极细砂	0~100	y=0.1592x+21.374	0.819	BSQ	粗砂	0~10	y=-0.282x+2.955	0.9291
	细砂	0~20	y=0.7564x+11.033	0.8228	NLW	黏粒	0~100	y=0.1454x+0.2465	0.7482
		20~40	y=-0.3898x+22.485	0.8592		极细砂	0~30	y=-0.6239x+53.155	0.7308
		40~100	y=0.3685x-8.2935	0.8597		细砂	0~30	y=0.6272x+4.774	0.7192
	中砂	0~100	y=-0.2424x+57.268	0.9105	SS	粉砂	0~30	y=0.0239x+0.172	0.8826
	粗砂	0~10	y=-0.9347x+12.788	0.8477		细砂	0~100	y=0.1513x+12.428	0.7299
		10~40	y=0.4146x-0.6181	0.8968		粗砂	0~10	y=-0.005x+0.074	0.8929
		40~100	y=-0.2295x+24.253	0.9124		粗砂	10~30	y=0.0053x-0.0261	0.9602
LZHM	细砂	0~10	y=1.7097x+7.632	0.9146	NLW+SS	黏粒	0~100	y=0.0283x+0.2702	0.7001
	细砂	40~100	y=0.1966x+4.4669	0.9963			40~50	y=0.09x-2.008	0.8293
	中砂	0~10	y=-2.4307x+42.623	0.8229			50~100	y=0.0098x+1.588	0.8414
BSQ	黏粒	0~100	y=0.0298x-0.1838	0.8664		细砂	0~10	y=1.4025x+10.557	0.7403
		0~50	y=0.0386x-0.3931	0.8734			10~20	y=-1.2811x+37.325	0.7488
		50~100	y=0.0063x+1.5129	0.9344			20~100	y=0.0532x+3.9605	0.725
	粉砂	0~100	y=0.0234x+0.1862	0.8455		中砂	0~10	y=-2.2855x+39.895	0.7138
	极细砂	0~100	y=0.1096x+42.213	0.7049		中砂	10~20	y=3.14x-18.769	0.9417
	细砂	0~100	y=0.0389x+2.1763	0.7235

额哈铁路内蒙古段大风条件下几种下垫面风沙流输沙的粒度特征

Grain size characteristics of wind-blown sand transport on several underlying surfaces under strong wind conditions in Inner Mongolia section of Ejina-Hami Railway

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