中国北方农牧区乡村重构特征及问题区域识别——以黄河流域内蒙古段为例

摘要/Abstract

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.031

摘要：

科学、有序重构是实现农牧区现代化和国家乡村振兴的重要路径。选取黄河流域内蒙古段这一典型北方农牧区乡村，基于乡村发展指标和计量模型，探究了乡村重构的特征并识别问题区域。结果表明：（1） 1990—2020年研究区乡村发展各维度的水平均得到不同程度的提升，总体上经济发展>空间利用>社会发展。（2） 1990—2020年研究区乡村经济重构总体先增强后减弱，空间重构则一直增强，社会重构整体滞后。乡村综合重构总体表现为南高北低、东高西低，其中经济重构地域差异较小，社会重构表现为南高北低;空间重构以河套平原较为剧烈。1990—2020年乡村经济-社会-空间重构的耦合度和协调度总体先升高后降低，在空间上表现为东高西低。（3）乡村发展及重构的问题县域共6类11个，分布在研究区黄河以西、阴山以北，映射了地理环境、资源条件、区位交通、经济基础、区域政策等因素交互作用产生的综合影响，需结合地域实际分类施策。

关键词: 乡村发展水平, 乡村重构, 耦合协调度, 黄河流域内蒙古段

Abstract:

Scientific and well-organized rural restructuring in the northern agropastoral area of China is an important path to modernization in these areas and national rural revitalization. This study focuses on the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin, a typical agropastoral area, to explore the characteristics of rural restructuring and identify problematic areas using rural development indicators and econometric models. Key results from this study include the following: (1) Rural development levels in all dimensions of the study area have improved to different degrees from 1990 to 2020. Generally, the level of economic development is higher than space utilization and social development during this period. (2) During the same time frame, the average level of economic restructuring degree in the counties within the study area displays an initial increase and then a decrease. In contrast, the spatial restructuring degree increased continuously, while social restructuring degrees were considerably low during this period. Spatial distributions of rural comprehensive restructuring across the study area from 1990 to 2020 indicate higher degrees in the southern and eastern regions and lower degrees in the northern and western areas. Notably, the spatial differentiation in the degree of economic restructuring is relatively slight, whereas the degree of social restructuring is considerably great, with higher levels in the southern areas and lower levels in the northern parts of the study areas. Spatial restructuring demonstrated high degrees in the Hetao Plain areas. In addition, the coupling and coordination degrees of rural economic-social-spatial restructuring in the study areas from 1990 to 2020 first increase and then decrease, with higher coordination degrees observed in the eastern parts and lower degrees in the western areas. (3) This study identified 11 counties categorized into six problem areas of rural development and restructuring, mainly distributed in the western Yellow River and northern Yinshan Mountains within the study area. These problematic counties reflect the comprehensive impacts produced by the interaction of geographical environment, resource conditions, location and transportation, economic basis, regional policies, and other factors, which must be implemented countermeasures according to the actual situation of the region.

Key words: rural development level, rural restructuring, coupling coordination degree, the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River Basin

董又铭, 乔文怡, 刘泽淼, 黄贤金. 中国北方农牧区乡村重构特征及问题区域识别——以黄河流域内蒙古段为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(11): 1891-1902.

DONG Youming, QIAO Wenyi, LIU Zemiao, HUANG Xianjin. Characteristics of rural restructuring and problem areas identification in agro-pastoral area of northern China: A case of the Inner Mongolia section in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(11): 1891-1902.

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维度层	指标层	指标	单位	属性
经济发展	农牧区经济水平	地区生产总值	10⁴元	+
	农牧业结构比	农牧业产值/地区生产总值	%	-
	农牧民收入水平	农牧民人均纯收入	元·人^-1	+
社会发展	农牧区乡村人口比	农牧区乡村人口/地区总人口	%	-
	路网密度	公路里程/土地总面积	km·(10⁴km²)^-1	+
	通讯设施水平	地区邮电业务总量	10⁴元	+
	医疗卫生条件	公共医疗卫生床数	张	+
空间利用	耕地利用效率	粮食产量/耕地面积	t·(10⁴km²)^-1	+
	草地放牧强度	畜牧头数/中高牧草地面积	头·(10⁴km²)^-1	+
	农牧区乡村居民点利用效率	农牧区乡村居民点面积/农牧人口	10⁴ km²·人^-1	-
	生态空间优化度	归一化植被指数（NDVI）		+

年份	综合发展水平		经济发展水平		社会发展水平		空间利用水平
年份	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
1990	0.27	0.04	0.36	0.11	0.10	0.07	0.34	0.10
2000	0.33	0.05	0.45	0.13	0.18	0.09	0.37	0.10
2010	0.49	0.07	0.75	0.12	0.31	0.10	0.43	0.14
2020	0.51	0.08	0.76	0.12	0.28	0.12	0.48	0.14

研究时段	综合重构强度		经济重构强度		社会重构强度		空间重构强度
研究时段	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差	均值	标准差
1990—2020	0.45	0.07	0.53	0.09	0.32	0.13	0.51	0.11
1990—2000	0.27	0.04	0.41	0.02	0.13	0.05	0.27	0.11
2000—2010	0.32	0.06	0.44	0.05	0.15	0.06	0.36	0.13
2010—2020	0.26	0.05	0.28	0.14	0.10	0.04	0.41	0.08