基于Sentinel-2和MODIS的七一冰川消融季反照率变化特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.846

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着全球变暖，山地冰川快速消融。冰川反照率作为冰川消融的关键驱动因素之一，对评估气候响应、预测冰川演变及区域水资源管理等具有重要作用。以七一冰川为研究对象，首先利用站点实测反照率数据，对Sentinel-2反演的冰川反照率和中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）逐日反照率产品进行验证，进而分析2016—2024年消融季（5—9月）七一冰川表面反照率的时空变化特征，最后探讨反照率与气候因子、表面污化物及物质平衡的关系。结果表明：（1） Sentinel-2多光谱成像仪反照率数据具有较高精度，空间验证：决定系数（R²）为0.845，均方根误差（RMSE）为0.035，时间验证：R²=0.959，RMSE=0.045；MODIS逐日反照率数据的精度略低，但仍具备良好的时间一致性（R²=0.859，RMSE=0.123）。（2）消融季反照率呈现显著时空差异：空间上，高海拔中心区反照率达到峰值，向两侧及末端递减，末端表碛为低值区；时间上，消融季反照率从初期0.66降至强烈期0.52再升至末期0.58，年际尺度呈下降趋势，逐日变化受气温与降水共同作用而呈现“V”型波动。（3）日均气温和正积温与反照率呈负相关，而降水量和降水日数与反照率呈正相关；污化物呈现低海拔高浓度，集中分布在4450~4600 m；七一冰川消融季平均反照率与年物质平衡值存在强正线性相关。研究结果有助于深化对冰川消融过程及其机理的理解，为冰川能量-物质平衡的精确模拟提供依据。

关键词: 七一冰川, Sentinel-2, MODIS, 反照率, 时空变化

Abstract:

Mountain glaciers are rapidly melting owing to global warming. Glacier albedo is a key driver of glacial ablation. Glacier albedo plays a critical role in regional water resource management and the assessment of climate interactions by enabling predictions of future glacial evolution. Herein, the Sentinel-2-derived glacier albedo and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daily albedo products of the Qiyi Glacier were first validated using in situ-measured albedo data. Next, the spatiotemporal characteristics of surface albedo during the ablation seasons (May-September) of 2016—2024 were analyzed. Finally, the relationships between albedo and climatic factors, surface impurities, and mass balance were explored. The key findings were as follows: (1) Sentinel-2 MSI albedo data were highly accurate. In the spatial validation, the coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.845 and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.035, whereas in the temporal validation, R² was 0.959 and the RMSE was 0.045. MODIS daily albedo data exhibited slightly lower accuracy but maintained good temporal consistency (R²=0.859, RMSE=0.123). (2) Ablation-season albedo exhibited significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. Spatially, albedo peaked in the high-altitude central zone, gradually decreasing toward the margins and terminus, where supraglacial debris formed low-albedo regions. Temporally, albedo decreased from 0.66 in the early ablation season to 0.52 during the intense melting phase and then increased to 0.58 by the late season. Interannual trends showed a gradual decrease, while daily trends exhibited V-shaped variations caused by temperature-precipitation interactions. (3) Correlation analysis revealed negative relationships between albedo and daily mean temperatures and positive temperature sums, as well as positive correlations between albedo and precipitation volume and rainy days. The results also showed that impurities were concentrated at lower elevations (4450-4600 m). Moreover, the ablation-season average albedo of the Qiyi Glacier exhibited a strong positive linear correlation with the annual mass balance. This study enhances the understanding of glacial ablation processes and mechanisms, providing a theoretical basis for precise modeling of energy and mass balance in glacial systems.

Key words: Qiyi Glacier, Sentinel-2, MODIS, albedo, spatiotemporal variation

徐筱, 王宁练, 石晨烈. 基于Sentinel-2和MODIS的七一冰川消融季反照率变化特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(8): 1560-1571.

XU Xiao, WANG Ninglian, SHI Chenlie. Albedo variation characteristics of the Qiyi Glacier during the ablation season based on Sentinel-2 and MODIS data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(8): 1560-1571.

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月份	日均气温/℃	日最高气温/℃	日最低气温/℃	正积温/℃·d	降水量/mm	降水日数/d
5	-0.4470^*	-0.1773^*	0.0192	-0.3521^*	0.1263	0.1402
6	-0.2783^*	-0.1078	0.1504	-0.2596^*	0.4261^*	0.4786^*
7	-0.3452^*	-0.1154	-0.0203	-0.3452^*	0.2485^*	0.2424^*
8	-0.2837^*	-0.0816	0.1702^*	-0.2844^*	0.1709^*	0.1693^*
9	-0.1156	-0.3764^*	0.0368	-0.0832^*	0.2649^*	0.0477