黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地可达性及影响因素研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冰雪旅游正成为区域经济与文化振兴的关键动力之一。综合运用可达性测度方法、冷热点分析、地理探测器等方法，测算了黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地的可达性，并分析了其空间分布特征及影响因素。研究发现：（1）黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地在空间分布上呈现“东密西疏、集群分布”的特征，下游地区数量最多，上游地区最少；省域层面山东、山西和河南3省较多，市域层面济南、郑州、青岛数量较多。（2）黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地可达性呈现“下游便捷、中游适中、上游受限”的空间格局，旅游体验型的数量占优，但可达性偏弱。（3）黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地可达性热点区和次热点区主要分布在山东和河南北部城市；冷点区和次冷点区主要分布在上游和中游地区的城市。（4）黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地可达性受社会、经济和生态三维因素的综合作用，其中公路里程、城市化率和年均降雪量是主要影响因素。研究结果为优化黄河流域冰雪旅游资源配置及区域协调发展提供了科学参考。

关键词: 冰雪旅游, 目的地, 可达性, 体育旅游, 黄河流域

Abstract:

Ice and snow tourism has emerged as a crucial driving force for regional economic and cultural revitalization. This study employs accessibility measurement, hotspot analysis, and geographic detectors to evaluate the accessibility of ice and snow tourism destinations in the Yellow River Basin. We also examine their spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The main findings show that: (1) Ice and snow tourism destinations in the Yellow River Basin exhibit an uneven spatial distribution characterized by a “dense east and sparse west” pattern. Moreover, clustering tendencies are apparent, wherein the downstream region contains the highest number of destinations, whereas the upstream region has the fewest. At the provincial scale, Shandong, Shanxi, and Henan have relatively more destinations, and at the municipal scale, Jinan, Zhengzhou, and Qingdao lead in the number of destinations. (2) Accessibility to ice and snow tourism destinations in the Yellow River Basin reveals a spatial gradient, described as “convenient in the downstream, moderate in the midstream, and restricted in the upstream areas”. The experiential tourism destinations dominate numerically; however, their overall accessibility remains relatively weak. (3) Hotspots and subhotspots of accessibility to ice and snow tourism destinations in the Yellow River Basin are concentrated in cities within Shandong and northern Henan. In contrast, cold spots and subcold spots mainly occur in cities located within the upstream and midstream regions. (4) A combination of social, economic, and ecological factors jointly influences accessibility to ice and snow tourism destinations in the Yellow River Basin. Specifically, road mileage, urbanization rate, and annual average snowfall comprise the primary determinants. These findings provide a scientific reference for optimizing resource allocation and promoting coordinated regional development in the Yellow River Basin’s ice and snow tourism sector.

Key words: ice and snow tourism, destination, accessibility, sports tourism, Yellow River Basin

陈宇, 岳游松. 黄河流域冰雪旅游目的地可达性及影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(2): 235-244.

CHEN Yu, YUE Yousong. Accessibility and influencing factors of ice and snow tourism destinations in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(2): 235-244.

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维度	变量	符号	含义
社会维度	人口密度/人·km^-2	X₁	反映人口集聚程度
	人均体育场地面积/m²	X₂	反映居民体育资源供给水平
	城市化率/%	X₃	反映整体基础设施水平
经济维度	人均可支配收入/10⁴元	X₄	反映居民消费水平
	旅游收入/10⁸元	X₅	反映地级市旅游经济的活跃程度
	公路里程/km	X₆	反映地级市内交通网络的建设水平
生态维度	年均降雪量/mm	X₇	反映冰雪资源禀赋
	高程/m	X₈	反映地形特点
	森林覆盖率/%	X₉	反映生态环境特征

维度	类别	数量	比例/%	可达性
功能类型	旅游体验型	178	76.72	3.85
	城郊学习型	47	20.26	3.58
	目的地度假型	7	3.02	3.40
流域分区	上游	36	15.52	4.83
	中游	76	32.76	4.26
	下游	120	51.72	3.17

流域	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉
上游	0.81	0.24	0.62	0.46	0.33	0.72	0.37	0.74	0.36
中游	0.27	0.31	0.51	0.81	0.47	0.77	0.43	0.79	0.85
下游	0.77	0.84	0.72	0.53	0.35	0.89	0.73	0.38	0.24