基于遥感的库尔勒地区生态环境质量评价及成因分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.250

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2064-2074.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.250 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024250

基于遥感的库尔勒地区生态环境质量评价及成因分析

李世娇¹(), 张珂珂¹, 谢宝妮¹^,², 王世文¹^,³, 李治广¹^,³()

1.河北地质大学城市地质与工程学院，河北石家庄 050031
2.河北地质大学-河北省农业干旱遥感监测国际联合研究中心，河北石家庄 050031
3.河北地质大学-河北省地下人工环境智慧开发与管控技术创新中心，河北石家庄 050031

收稿日期:2024-04-21 修回日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2024-12-25 发布日期:2025-01-02
通讯作者: 李治广（1978-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事区域生态环境等方面的研究. E-mail: lizhg1978@126.com
作者简介:李世娇（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事地质灾害及防治等方面的研究. E-mail: lsj_149@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42001380)

Ecological environment quality evaluation and driving factors of Korla region based on remote sensing

LI Shijiao¹(), ZHANG Keke¹, XIE Baoni¹^,², WANG Shiwen¹^,³, LI Zhiguang¹^,³()

1. School of Urban and Engineering, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China
2. Hebei GEO University-Hebei International Joint Research Center for Remote Sensing of Agriculture Drought Monitoring, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China;
3. Hebei GEO University-Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Intelligent Development and Control of Underground Built Environment, Shijiazhuang 050031, Hebei, China

Received:2024-04-21 Revised:2024-05-13 Published:2024-12-25 Online:2025-01-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

库尔勒地区生态环境敏感脆弱，准确认知该地区的生态环境质量是当地政府科学制定生态环境保护和修复政策的基础。基于遥感生态指数思想，结合研究区生态系统特征，耦合植被覆盖、土壤湿度、地表温度、地表干度、沙漠化程度、盐渍化程度、蒸散发7个生态要素，采用主成分分析法构建了改进型遥感生态指数（Modified remote sensing based ecology index，MRSEI），对1994—2021年库尔勒地区生态环境质量进行评价和成因分析。结果表明：（1）MRSEI可以反映库尔勒地区的生态环境质量。（2）1994—2021年库尔勒地区MRSEI变化范围为0.253~0.346，总体为上升趋势，生态环境质量整体改善；生态环境质量等级以“差”和“较差”为主，二者面积占比为70.96%，整体生态环境质量呈现为“西部相对较差、东部相对较好”。（3）近27 a来，库尔勒地区60.41%面积上生态环境质量基本不变，主要分布在丘陵西部和台地；16.47%的面积上生态环境质量退化，主要分布在平原北部、部分中起伏山地和小起伏山地；23.12%的面积上生态环境质量改善，主要分布在平原和丘陵的东部。（4）气候、社会经济与库尔勒地区生态环境质量关系密切，其中蒸发量对生态环境质量的影响高于其他气候要素，年末总人口是影响该地区生态环境质量的第一社会经济要素。

关键词: 遥感, 生态环境质量评价, 主成分分析, 库尔勒地区

Abstract:

The ecological environment of the Korla region, Xinjiang, China is highly sensitive and fragile, requiring meticulous attention and sustained efforts for its preservation. Understanding the variations in ecological environment quality in this area is crucial, forming the foundation for effective ecological protection and restoration policies by local authorities. This study employs the innovative concept of the remote sensing ecological index, adapted specifically temperature, land surface dryness, desertification degree, salinization degree, and evapotranspiration—a refined index termed the modified remote sensing ecological index (MRSEI) is developed through principal component analysis. This refined index is applied to conduct a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the factors influencing the ecological environment quality in the Korla region from 1994 to 2021. The results demonstrate that the MRSEI effectively reflects the ecological environment quality of the Korla region. From 1994 to 2021, the MRSEI ranged from 0.253 to 0.346, showing an overall upward trend and indicating an improvement in ecological environment quality. However, the overall ecological environment quality is primarily categorized as “poor” and “relatively poor”, covering 70.96% of the area. The overall spatial distribution reveals a pattern of “relatively poor” in the western part and “relatively good” in the eastern part. Over the 27-year period, approximately 60.41% of the area exhibited minimal change in ecological environment quality, mainly in the western hilly areas and tablelands. Around 16.47% of the area experienced ecological degradation, particularly in the northern plains and some moderately and slightly undulating mountain areas, while 23.12% of the region showed improvement, primarily in the eastern plains and hilly regions. Climate and socioeconomic factors are closely linked to the ecological environment quality in the Korla region. Among climatic factors, evaporation exerts the most significant impact, while among socioeconomic factors, the year-end total population is the primary driver influencing ecological environment quality.

Key words: remote sensing, ecological environment quality evaluation, principal component analysis, Korla region

李世娇, 张珂珂, 谢宝妮, 王世文, 李治广. 基于遥感的库尔勒地区生态环境质量评价及成因分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(12): 2064-2074.

LI Shijiao, ZHANG Keke, XIE Baoni, WANG Shiwen, LI Zhiguang. Ecological environment quality evaluation and driving factors of Korla region based on remote sensing[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(12): 2064-2074.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

主成分分析结果"

年份	指标	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5	PC6	PC7
1994	GDVI	0.686	0.270	0.502	0.218	-0.023	0.392	-0.051
	Wet	0.361	0.151	-0.839	-0.025	0.076	0.364	0.055
	LST	-0.241	0.181	-0.143	0.779	-0.528	0.009	-0.060
	NDBSI	-0.265	-0.300	0.049	0.458	0.688	0.392	-0.018
	DI	-0.277	-0.051	0.131	-0.200	-0.293	0.538	0.699
	MSI	-0.273	-0.050	0.039	-0.295	-0.248	0.520	-0.709
	PET	-0.344	0.881	0.046	-0.094	0.306	0.009	0.013
	特征值	0.152	0.043	0.018	0.004	0.003	0.001	0.000
	特征值贡献率/%	68.61	19.52	8.23	2.01	1.18	0.41	0.04
2000	GDVI	0.726	0.349	-0.403	-0.040	0.171	0.396	0.022
	Wet	0.283	0.056	0.861	-0.254	0.267	0.159	0.119
	LST	-0.338	0.305	-0.186	-0.867	0.059	0.052	-0.042
	NDBSI	-0.217	-0.257	-0.193	0.092	0.903	0.038	0.154
	DI	-0.254	-0.074	-0.026	0.061	-0.243	0.575	0.732
	MSI	-0.247	-0.120	0.084	0.108	-0.005	0.694	-0.651
	PET	-0.324	0.834	0.129	0.400	0.145	-0.032	0.016
	特征值	0.158	0.049	0.016	0.005	0.002	0.001	0.000
	特征值贡献率/%	68.41	21.32	6.75	2.04	1.00	0.36	0.12
2006	GDVI	0.670	0.166	-0.479	-0.073	0.162	-0.509	0.062
	Wet	0.346	-0.023	0.830	-0.223	0.240	-0.199	0.211
	LST	-0.276	0.303	-0.134	-0.901	0.038	0.005	0.023
	NDBSI	-0.393	-0.273	-0.173	0.095	0.743	-0.172	0.388
	DI	-0.341	-0.068	0.145	0.040	-0.019	-0.695	-0.611
	MSI	-0.248	0.059	0.018	0.084	-0.558	-0.435	0.653
	PET	-0.151	0.893	0.113	0.340	0.226	0.010	0.015
	特征值	0.216	0.058	0.015	0.005	0.003	0.000	0.000
	特征值贡献率/%	72.78	19.43	4.89	1.57	1.11	0.13	0.09
2011	GDVI	0.701	0.136	-0.425	-0.108	-0.349	-0.412	0.077
	Wet	0.328	0.028	0.891	-0.084	-0.283	-0.076	0.072
	LST	-0.313	0.369	-0.034	-0.855	-0.182	0.001	-0.007
	NDBSI	-0.342	-0.250	-0.114	0.204	-0.858	0.145	0.093
	DI	-0.250	-0.026	0.033	0.043	0.133	-0.432	0.854
	MSI	-0.330	-0.070	0.098	0.096	-0.025	-0.785	-0.501
	PET	-0.118	0.881	0.028	0.444	-0.102	0.032	0.001
	特征值	0.270	0.061	0.012	0.004	0.002	0.001	0.000
	特征值贡献率/%	77.08	17.44	3.44	1.16	0.61	0.22	0.05
2016	GDVI	0.788	0.076	-0.369	0.184	-0.338	0.266	-0.132
	Wet	0.200	0.057	0.758	-0.036	-0.516	-0.282	-0.187
	LST	-0.199	0.364	-0.277	-0.746	-0.435	0.070	0.010
	NDBSI	-0.328	-0.199	-0.439	0.354	-0.434	-0.516	-0.283
	DI	-0.288	-0.027	0.104	0.072	-0.006	0.574	-0.756
	MSI	-0.308	-0.099	0.093	0.335	-0.484	0.494	0.544
	PET	-0.114	0.899	0.012	0.406	0.087	-0.075	-0.006
	特征值	0.205	0.059	0.010	0.004	0.002	0.001	0.000
	特征值贡献率/%	73.21	21.12	3.41	1.27	0.63	0.25	0.11
2021	GDVI	0.770	-0.112	0.475	0.040	0.390	0.085	0.090
	Wet	0.221	-0.062	-0.725	0.184	0.502	-0.366	-0.052
	LST	-0.228	-0.289	0.219	0.902	0.017	-0.048	0.006
	NDBSI	-0.365	0.171	0.446	-0.188	0.407	-0.658	-0.073
	DI	-0.262	0.062	-0.048	-0.034	0.344	0.257	0.860
	MSI	-0.286	0.086	0.017	-0.025	0.555	0.598	-0.494
	PET	-0.148	-0.927	0.003	-0.337	0.063	-0.019	-0.012
	特征值	0.211	0.054	0.008	0.003	0.002	0.000	0.000
	特征值贡献率/%	75.97	19.58	2.71	0.92	0.66	0.12	0.04

表2

图2

图3

表3

图4

图5

图6

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卫星名称	条带号/行编号	影像时间（年-月-日）	卫星名称	条带号/行编号	影像时间（年-月-日）
Landsat 5	143/31	1994-08-24	Landsat 8	143/31	2016-09-21
Landsat 5	143/31	1994-09-09	Landsat 8	144/31	2016-07-10
Landsat 5	143/31	1994-09-25	Landsat 8	144/31	2016-07-26
Landsat 7	143/31	2000-07-31	Landsat 8	144/31	2016-09-12
Landsat 7	143/31	2000-09-17	Landsat 8	144/31	2016-09-28
Landsat 5	143/31	2006-07-24	Landsat 8	143/31	2021-07-01
Landsat 5	143/31	2006-09-10	Landsat 8	143/31	2021-08-02
Landsat 5	143/31	2006-09-26	Landsat 8	143/31	2021-08-18
Landsat 5	143/31	2011-07-06	Landsat 8	143/31	2021-09-03
Landsat 5	143/31	2011-08-07	Landsat 8	143/31	2021-09-19
Landsat 5	143/31	2011-08-23	Landsat 8	144/31	2021-07-24
Landsat 5	143/31	2011-09-24	Landsat 8	144/31	2021-08-09
Landsat 8	143/31	2016-08-04	Landsat 8	144/31	2021-09-26
Landsat 8	143/31	2016-09-05

MRSEI等级	1994年	2000年	2006年	2011年	2016年	2021年
差[0.0, 0.2）	4276.11	4373.37	3862.09	3811.24	3954.11	3983.68
较差[0.2, 0.4）	1437.78	1191.07	1361.89	1031.88	1078.67	1031.23
一般[0.4, 0.6）	759.67	747.74	728.89	631.70	668.02	699.64
良[0.6, 0.8）	510.54	834.52	488.17	535.29	604.01	796.57
优[0.8, 1.0]	389.43	226.83	932.49	1363.42	1068.72	862.41

基于遥感的库尔勒地区生态环境质量评价及成因分析

Ecological environment quality evaluation and driving factors of Korla region based on remote sensing

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