东祁连山高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被特征的关系

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.528

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1559-1569.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.528

东祁连山高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被特征的关系

李强¹(),何国兴¹,文铜¹,杨冬阳¹,张德罡¹,韩天虎²,潘冬荣²,柳小妮¹()

1.甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省草原技术推广总站,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2021-11-03 修回日期:2021-12-06 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-10-20
通讯作者: 柳小妮
作者简介:李强（1990-）,男,在读博士,主要从事草地资源与生态研究. E-mail: 1245524440@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省新一轮草原补奖效益评估及草原生态评价研究(XZ20191225);超低空微遥感技术在草原监测中的应用研究及推广示范(201647)

Response of soil physical and chemical properties to altitude and aspect of alpine meadow in the eastern Qilian Mountains and their relationships with vegetation characteristics

LI Qiang¹(),HE Guoxing¹,WEN Tong¹,YANG Dongyang¹,ZHANG Degang¹,HAN Tianhu²,PAN Dongrong²,LIU Xiaoni¹()

1. College of Grassland Science/Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of the Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. Grassland Technology Extension Station of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2021-11-03 Revised:2021-12-06 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-10-20
Contact: Xiaoni LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探索高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被的关系,以东祁连山高寒草甸为研究对象,分析了7个海拔和2个坡向高寒草甸的土壤养分含量和生态化学计量比变化规律及其与植被的关系。结果表明：（1）土壤含水量、电导率、有机碳、全氮、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量、碳磷比（C/P）和氮磷比（N/P）随海拔的升高呈先升高后降低的趋势,土壤容重、全磷和碳氮比（C/N）呈先降低后升高的趋势。（2）同一海拔,大部分海拔梯度阳坡的土壤土壤容重、速效钾、电导率和全磷高于阴坡,阳坡的土壤含水量、速效磷、C/P和N/P低于阴坡,海拔3200 m梯度以下阳坡的土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮和C/N低于阴坡。（3）不同海拔和坡向的高寒草甸土壤C/N、C/P和N/P处于14.55~38.13、12.61~87.94和0.27~5.01之间。（4）冗余分析（RDA）发现,土壤容重、全氮和速效磷是影响高寒草甸植被的关键土壤因子,聚类分析发现海拔3200~3400 m的阴坡和阳坡聚为一类。综上所述,东祁连山高寒草甸土壤养分和生态化学计量比随海拔和坡向的变化呈规律性变化,基于对N/P比的分析发现,该区域高寒草甸类草原的初级生产力主要受土壤氮限制且低海拔和高海拔区域尤为明显,基于聚类分析发现,海拔3000 m和3400 m是该区域草地植被和土壤特征发生变化的临界线。建议在高寒草甸类草原的管理过程中,应该充分考虑海拔和坡向的分异性特征。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 海拔, 坡向, 生态化学计量比, 冗余分析（RDA）

Abstract:

To investigate the response of physical and chemical properties of alpine meadow soil to altitude and their interconnection to vegetation characteristics, the alpine meadows in the eastern Qilian Mountain of China were chosen as the research object. The changes to seven altitudes and two soil nutrient content and ecological stoichiometric aspects in the alpine meadows and their interconnection with the vegetation were analyzed. The results demonstrated that (1) soil water content, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) were affected. carbon-phosphorus ratio (C/P) and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (N/P) appeared to increase first and then decreased with the increase in altitude. The soil bulk density, total phosphorus (TP), and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) decreased first and then increased. (2) At the same altitude, soil bulk density, AK, electrical conductivity, and TP were higher in the sunny aspect than in the shady aspect; soil moisture content, AP, C/P, and N/P were lower in the sunny aspect than in the shady aspect, and SOC, TN, AN, and C/N were lower in the sunny aspect under 3200 m than in the shady aspect. (3) The C/N, C/P, and N/P of the alpine meadow soils at different altitudes and aspects were between 14.55-38.13, 12.61-87.94, and 0.27-5.01. (4) Redundancy analysis revealed that soil bulk density, TN, and AP are the most important soil factors influencing the vegetation of alpine meadows. Cluster analysis discovered that the shady and sunny aspects at an altitude of 3200-3400 m were clustered together. Finally, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and ecological stoichiometry of the alpine meadows in the eastern Qilian Mountains changed regularly with altitude and aspect differentiation. Based on the N/P rate, soil nitrogen was the main constraint to alpine meadow productivity, which was severe in low and high-altitude areas. Based on cluster analysis, 3000 m and 3400 m were identified as the critical lines for change in vegetation and soil characteristics in this area, suggesting that altitude and aspect differentiation should be considered in alpine meadow management.

Key words: alpine meadow, altitude, aspect, ecological stoichiometry, redundancy analysis (RDA)

李强,何国兴,文铜,杨冬阳,张德罡,韩天虎,潘冬荣,柳小妮. 东祁连山高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被特征的关系[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(5): 1559-1569.

LI Qiang,HE Guoxing,WEN Tong,YANG Dongyang,ZHANG Degang,HAN Tianhu,PAN Dongrong,LIU Xiaoni. Response of soil physical and chemical properties to altitude and aspect of alpine meadow in the eastern Qilian Mountains and their relationships with vegetation characteristics[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1559-1569.

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海拔/m	坡向	经纬度	优势植物	植被盖度/%
2800	阳坡	102°54′39″E,37°08′48″N	线叶嵩草、冷蒿	40~45
2800	阴坡	102°55′01″E,37°07′23″N	线叶嵩草、萎陵菜	60~65
3000	阳坡	102°46′59″E,37°12′36″N	线叶嵩草、甘肃棘豆、冷蒿	65~70
3000	阴坡	102°48′20″E,37°10′14″N	珠芽蓼、线叶嵩草、甘肃棘豆	80~85
3200	阳坡	102°44′39″E,37°13′39″N	线叶嵩草、黄花蒿	75~80
3200	阴坡	102°43′59″E,37°11′26″N	珠芽蓼、线叶嵩草、甘肃棘豆	90~95
3400	阳坡	102°31′42″E,37°15′54″N	线叶嵩草、珠芽蓼、甘肃棘豆	70~75
3400	阴坡	102°37′35″E,37°13′09″N	线叶嵩草、草地早熟禾、珠芽蓼	75~80
3600	阳坡	102°27′44″E,37°16′47″N	珠芽蓼、萎陵菜、香青	65~70
3600	阴坡	102°34′38″E,37°13′03″N	矮生嵩草、萎陵菜、珠芽蓼	75~80
3800	阳坡	102°25′52″E,37°17′38″N	矮生嵩草、珠芽蓼	55~60
3800	阴坡	102°32′45″E,37°12′57″N	矮生嵩草、萎陵菜、珠芽蓼	60~65
4000	阳坡	102°26′30″E,37°17′54″N	红景天、矮生嵩草	20~25
4000	阴坡	102°32′18″E,37°06′07″N	红景天、矮生嵩草	15~20

海拔/m	植被盖度/%		草层高度/cm		地上生物量/g·m^-2
海拔/m	阳坡	阴坡	阳坡	阴坡	阳坡	阴坡
2800	46.67±2.89Bd	66.67±2.89Ad	7.07±0.57Bc	8.11±0.57Ac	106.67±14.10Bc	142.13±18.11Ac
3000	70.00±2.89Bb	83.33±5.00Ab	8.95±0.51Ab	9.88±0.76Ab	186.67±13.28Bb	219.47±15.56Ab
3200	80.00±5.00Ba	96.67±2.89Aa	11.19±0.48Ba	13.04±0.56Aa	214.13±21.09Ba	307.60±32.56Aa
3400	73.33±2.89Bb	80.00±2.89Abc	7.40±0.25Bc	9.70±0.49Ab	177.47±13.86Bb	200.27±14.62Ab
3600	70.00±5.00Ab	75.00±2.89Ac	5.40±0.59Bd	7.77±0.51Ac	113.74±9.23Bc	150.80±7.08Ac
3800	60.00±2.89Ac	65.00±2.89Ad	4.68±0.19Be	6.96±1.06Ac	70.14±8.52Ad	78.934±15.60Ad
4000	25.00±5.00Ae	20.00±1.15Ae	3.66±0.08Bf	4.06±0.48Ad	56.14±21.53Ad	66.00±17.21Ad
海拔×坡向	*		NS		*

东祁连山高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被特征的关系

Response of soil physical and chemical properties to altitude and aspect of alpine meadow in the eastern Qilian Mountains and their relationships with vegetation characteristics

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