宁夏水贫困地域分异的WPI-Geodetector测度与分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 水贫困是长期以来备受西北地区关注的焦点问题。以宁夏为典型案例，通过建立水贫困评价指标体系，采用WPI模型计算2011—2015年区域水贫困水平，并运用地理探测器诊断出水贫困分异的主导因素，揭示水贫困动力机制，总结出水贫困地域类型。结果表明：（1）水贫困指数时空分异显著。宁夏WPI值由2011年的0.393上升到2015年的0.404，水贫困呈现缓慢改善态势，但地区差距在扩大。（2）水贫困主导因素时空变化明显。从目标层看，资源系统对宁夏水贫困影响最大，但其决定力在变小；环境系统的决定力在增大；使用系统的决定力最小。从指标层看，年降水量等10个指标q值始终在0.8以上，而年径流深等7个指标对宁夏水贫困决定力在下降。从分地区看，银川市水贫困指数分异决定力q值>0.5的有6个指标，需要提高用水效率、降低用水压力和合理配置生态用水；石嘴山市水贫困指数分异决定力q值>0.5的有11个指标，客观表明作为资源型地区发展转型过程中的矛盾所在；吴忠市水贫困指数分异决定力q值>0.5的有13个指标，今后着力要加强用水效率、用水管理和水资源高效利用水平等的统筹协调；固原市水贫困指数分异决定力q值>0.5的有4个指标，重点要提高设施水平和污染治理能力；中卫市水贫困指数分异决定力q值>0.5的有15个指标，要突出提高用水效率和设施水平。（3）水贫困地域类型划分。在水资源共同约束背景下将研究区划分为途径（设施水平）约束型区域、能力—使用（用水管理—用水效率）约束型区域、环境（用水压力—生态环境）约束型区域等3 种水贫困地域类型。

关键词: 水贫困, 地域分异, 主导因素, WPI-Geodetector, 宁夏

Abstract: Water poverty has been the focus issue in northwest China for a long time.Taking Ningxia as the study area in this study,the regional water poverty levels were calculated from 2011 to 2015 using the WPI model based on the built evaluation index system of water poverty.The key factors causing the differentiation of water poverty were analyzed by using WPI-Geodetector to reveal the mechanism of water poverty and to give the regional types of water poverty.The results showed as follows:(1) The spatial-temporal variation of water poverty index was significant.Ningxia's WPI value was increased from 0.393 in 2011 to 0.404 in 2015 which indicated an overall slow improvement trend while its regional gap became magnified. (2) The spatial-temporal variation of the leading factors in water poverty was obvious.From the target perspective,the resource system had the biggest impact on water poverty in Ningxia,while its weight was getting smaller.The weight of the environmental system was increasing.The weight of the utilization system was the least.From the index perspective,theq value of annual precipitation and other 10 indicators was always above 0.8.However,the weights of 7 indicators s including annual runoff depth on the Ningxia water poverty were declining.In the regions' point of view,there were 6 indicators in determining water poverty index differentiation with theq value greater than 0.5 for Yinchuan which suggested an urgent need to improve the water-use efficiency,reduce water pressure and to allocate reasonably the ecological water utilization.For Shizuishan City,there were 11 indicators with the q value greater than 0.5 which,objectively indicated the contradiction in the transformation process of the resource-based region.For Wuzhong City,there were also 13 indicators with theq value greater than 0.5 which suggested something needs to be done to enhance water-use efficiency,water-use management and to improve the planning and coordination of water resources.For Guyuan City,there were 4 indicators with the q value being more than 0.5 which suggested a focus on improving water-use facilities and controlling pollution.For Zhongwei City,there were 15 indicators with theq value being more than 0.5 which indicated the efficiency of water use and facilities should be improved. (3) Water poverty regional types were classified.Sharing the sane background of water resources constraints,the study area were divided into 3 types including the pathway (facility level) constrained area,the capacity-utilization (water management andwater efficiency) constrained area and the environment (water-use pressure-ecological environment) constrained area.

Key words: water poverty, spatial-temporal differentiation, leading factors, WPI-Geodetector

中图分类号:

F323.213

刘小鹏, 王可, 叶均艳, 温胜强. 宁夏水贫困地域分异的WPI-Geodetector测度与分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 160-169.

LIU Xiao-peng, WANG Ke, YE Jun-yan, WEN Sheng-qiang. Measurement and analysis of spatial-temporal differentiation of water poverty in Ningxia based on WPI-geodetector[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 160-169.

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