南疆未来发展的思考——塔里木河流域水问题与水战略研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆"三山夹两盆" 的地貌特征,把疆域分割成北疆、南疆和东疆,由和田河、叶尔羌河、阿克苏河等九大水系组成塔里木河流域几乎涵盖了整个南疆国土面积.通过分析区域地理、气候、环境、绿洲经济特征、水资源及开发利用现状,对南疆存在的水问题及其发展趋势和未来面临的挑战进行了研究预判,立足长远,提出了建设"新龟兹工程"和"新楼兰工程"的初步设想、塔里木河"生态型"河流建设与和田河下泄水量置换方案以及干旱内陆河"三元"水循环生态经济体系.从跨流域调水、增强水资源及环境承载能力、优化社会经济发展布局、构建环塔里木盆地生态经济圈,生态移民,缓解绿洲人口资源环境压力,促进民族交融平衡发展等方面入手,为塔里木河流域综合治理和南疆稳定发展提供一种新的思路.

关键词: 塔里木河流域, 南疆, 未来发展, 经济社会, 结构布局

Abstract: Having terrain feature of two basins between three mountains,Xinjiang is divided into North Xinjiang, South Xinjiang and East Xinjiang. Tarim River Basin almost covers the whole of area of South Xinjiang, made by nine water systems such as Hetian River,Yarkant River,Akesu River and so on. The paper analyzes its current situation of geography,climate,environment,oasis economic characteristics,water resources and exploration& development. It researches current water problems,including further increasing the contradiction of water supply and demand,a new threat causing by pollution of surface water and ground water to water ecological environment protection,climate change and transboundary rivers water affairs conflict,etc. It predicts challenge that will face in the future,including more complex of water resources problems,entering a new phase of construction and management of water facilities,river basins'water function recovery becoming a long term work, implementing trans-basin water transfer,etc. It proposes tentative plan of construction works of New Qiuci Project and New Loulan Project,Ecological-type construction in Tarim River,Hetian River discharge water quantity replacement scheme,and arid inland rivers threshold value regulation & control management model,which means half water for environment and half water for economic development while 30% runoff is used for natural water cycle and the maximum utilization ratio of inland surface water is not more than 70% in which there is 30% for water consumption for artificial environment and 70% for social and economic development. It provides a new way for Tarim River Basin comprehensive treatment and South Xinjiang stable development in the aspect of inter-basin water transfer,enhancing carrying capacity of water resources and environment,optimizing social and economic development layout,constituting ecological and economic zone of Tarim Basin,ecological immigration, relieving resources pressure for environment caused by population in the oasis,pushing balance development of national reunification and so on.

Key words: Tarim River Basin, South Xinjiang, developmen in the future, economic society, structure layout

中图分类号:

TV213.9

邓铭江. 南疆未来发展的思考——塔里木河流域水问题与水战略研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1): 1-11.

DENG Ming-jiang. Prospecting development of south Xinjiang: water strategy and problem of Tarim River Basin[J]. , 2016, 39(1): 1-11.

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