论西北地区生态环境建设问题与战略

doi:10.13826/j.cnki.cn65-1103/x.2001.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分析评价了西北地区生态环境的基本现状, 指出了影响生态环境改善的最大制约因素。在反思了过去生态环境建设的教训的基础上, 提出了西北地区生态环境建设的目标。分析了当前大规模的生态环境建设中面临的亟待研究和解决的有关问题, 并指出对这些问题的有效解决有助于构建生态建设的科学和社会支撑体系。最后, 提出了生态建设和保护的若干对策建议。

关键词: 生态环境, 生态建设, 可持续发展, 对策建议, 西北地区

Abstract: With an area of about 3.09×10⁶km² and nearly 0.9×10⁸ population (in 1999), which accounts for 32.2% of the total area and 7. 14% of the total population of China, Northwest China goes across 5 provinces. Northwest China has vast area, and is the most vulnerable ecological area and a large ecologically fragile area as a whole. The vulnerably ecological characteristics of Northwest China are severe water and soil erosion, low vegetation coverage, increasingly degenerated grasslands, want of water resource, continually developed desertification, frequently occurred sand storms and so on. The status quo of ecological environment of Northwest China is still generally vulnerable, improving locally and deteriorating on the whole, improving in short-term and deteriorating in long-term. Ecological construction is very important to sustainable development of Northwest China. The aim of ecological construction in Northwest China is put forward.
Based on the assessment of the eco-environmental status of Northwest China, a number of issues that existed in the ecological construction and needed to be solved are analyzed in the paper. These issues are as follows： the past evolution of the environment and vegetation of Northwest China and the vegetation construction, the environmental change in the future and its influence to the vegetation construction, the scientific program and plan, the water resources carrying capacity to the artificially large scale vegetation construction, the development and application of the techniques of the ecological construction, the system of the policies and laws concerned to ecological construction, the relationship between the ecological construction and the sustainable development of the local economy. These issues include not only scientific problems but also social ones. To research and solve these issues will help construct the scientific and social support system for the ecological construction of Northwest China. Northwest China region can be divided into three major ecological districts according to its ecological characteristics. To the three major different ecological districts, different stratigies of ecological construction are recommended in the paper. In the end, some countermeasures and policy proposals are suggested for the ecological construction in Northwest China.

Key words: Eco-environment, Ecological construction, Sustainable development, Northwest China

中图分类号:

X171.4

张志强, 程国栋. 论西北地区生态环境建设问题与战略[J]. 干旱区地理, 2001, 24(3): 243-250.

ZHANG Zhi-qiang, CHENG Guo-dong. ON SOME ISSUES AND STRATIGES OF ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION IN NORTHWEST CHINA[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2001, 24(3): 243-250.

参考文献

[1] 国家统计局编. 中国统计年鉴2000[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2000.
[2] 赵跃龙. 中国脆弱生态环境类型分布及其综合整治[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1999.
[3] CCICCD. China Country Paper to Combat Desertification[R]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House, 1996, 18~31.
[4] 朱震达, 刘恕. 中国的沙漠化及其治理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1989.
[5] 卢琦, 慈龙骏. 中国荒漠化灾害评价、防灾减灾对策及受影响地区可持续发展研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 1998, 18 (增刊1): 167~171.
[6] 中国科学院学部. 加快西北地区发展的几个关键问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2000, 15(5): 489~498.
[7] 王守春. 黄土高原原始天然植被研究——一个重要的科学与实践问题[N]. 科学时报, 1999, 10, 26(5).
[8] 吴冬秀, 王根轩, 赵松龄. 黄土高原半干旱区水土保持植被类型选择的生态经济学[J]. 科技导报, 1998, (10): 54~56.
[9] 张志强, 孙成权, 王学定. 西部热中的冷思考——浅论黄土高原生态建设问题[J]. 科学新闻周刊, 2000, (11): 7, 9.
[10] 张志强, 孙成权, 王学定, 等. 陇中黄土高原丘陵区的生态建设与可持续发展[J]. 科技导报, 2000, (1): 43~46.
[11] 田均良. 西部开发, 科技先行——在生态环境建设中发挥科学技术支撑作用[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2000, 15(2): 130~132.
[12] 杨维西. 试论我国北方地区人工植被的土壤干化问题. 林业科学, 1996, 32(1): 78~84.
[13] 沈国舫. 中国林业可持续发展及其关键问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2000, 15(1): 10~18.
[14] 杨文治, 余存祖主编. 黄土高原区域治理与评价[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1992.
[15] 中国科学院生物学部. 黄土高原农业可持续发展研究和政策建议[J]. 科技导报, 2000, (3): 36~40.
[16] 施雅风主编. 气候变化对西北华北水资源的影响[M]. 济南: 山东科学技术出版社, 1995.
[17] 张志强. 河西地区的生态建设与可持续农业发展战略及对策[J]. 中国人口·资源·环境2000, 10(4): 34~38.
[18] 张志强, 孙成权, 王学定等. 甘南高原的生态保护、生态建设与可持续发展[J]. 科技导报, 2000, (8): 30~33.
[19] 张坤, 任勇, 夏光等. 欠发达地区环境与经济协调发展机制研究[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 1999.
[20] 何大明, 杨明, 冯彦. 西南国际河流水资源的合理利用与国际合作研究[J]. 地理学报, 1999, 54(增刊): 29~37.
[21] 邓英淘, 崔鹤鸣, 王小强等. 再造中国. 上海: 文汇出版社, 1999.