生态移民区“三生”用地变化对生态系统服务的影响——以宁夏红寺堡区为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地系统运行以土地可持续利用与人类福祉为准绳。以全国最大的生态移民区红寺堡区为例,基于不同计量方法和GIS空间分析法,对红寺堡区2000—2018年的“三生”用地转型及生态服务变化进行定量研究。结果表明：（1）红寺堡区基本形成以中部灌区生活生产、生产生态空间为主,周边为生态空间的“三生”格局,国土开发格局逐渐优化。（2）生产生态用地减少3.42×10⁴ hm²,生态用地增加1.24×10⁴ hm²,生态生产用地增加0.16×10⁴ hm²,生活生产用地增加2.02×10⁴ hm²。（3）生态系统服务价值共增加11.18×10⁸元。植被恢复是生态系统服务价值增加的主因,而建设用地对其他用地的侵占则是导致生态系统服务价值降低的主因。（4）协同推进山水林田湖草治理,做好已有生态用地的质量提升和绿地生态网络建设,通过优化生态系统服务结构提升区域生态系统的服务功能,从而实现生产空间的集约化发展、生态空间的提质增效及生活空间的优美宜居。

关键词: “三生”用地, 土地利用转型, 生态系统服务价值, 红寺堡区

Abstract:

The field of land use transformation aims to study the transformation process of land use forms corresponding to economic and social development. One of its manifestations is to study the transformation among the three leading functions of land, captured by the term ecological-production-living. The Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the national space development goal of “building intensive and efficient production space, livable and moderate living space, and ecological space with clear mountains and beautiful waters”, which has made land use transformation and its ecological effect from the perspective of ecological-production-living a hot topic in the field. Human activities have a significant impact on land use and the ecological environment in ecologically immigrated areas with large population changes. Hongsibu District in Ningxia, China is the main battlefield of a large-scale national water conservation project (the Ningxia Poverty Alleviation and Yellow River Irrigation Project), and it is also the largest single ecological migration area in China. Therefore, the impact of land use transition on the value of ecosystem services from the perspective of production-living land use can not only enrich the research content of this aspect at the county level but also provide a reference for decision-making regarding land use and ecological construction in arid ecological migrant areas. In this paper, image data from 2000, 2009, and 2018 were processed using the ArcGIS 10.6 software and a land distribution map. Various measurement methods and GIS spatial analysis tools were adopted to conduct a quantitative study on the transformation of production-living land and the changes in ecological services in the Hongsibu District from 2000 to 2018. The results are as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2018, production of ecological land decreased by 3.42×10 ⁴ hm² in Hongsibu District, whereas that of ecological land increased by 1.24×10⁴hm². The ecological production space also increased by 0.16×10⁴hm², whereas the land for living and production was increased by 2.02×10⁴ hm². (2) From 1990 to 2018, the ecosystem service value of Hongsibu District increased by 11.18×10⁸ yuan. Vegetation restoration greatly improves regional ecosystem service value, but the encroachment of construction land on other lands will reduce the regional ecosystem service value. (3) Hongsibu District has formed a basic pattern including living, production, and ecological land in the central irrigation area, with the surrounding ecological space also being ecological-production-living land, and the land development pattern has been gradually optimized. (4) In future development, we should jointly promote the coordinated management of mountains, rivers, forests, farmland, lakes, and grasslands; improve the quality of existing ecological land; construct an ecological network of green space; and optimize and improve the structure and function of ecosystem services. Additionally, we should actively promote ecological industrialization and industrial ecology. Through the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, we can realize an effective combination of intensive development of production space, quality and efficiency improvement of ecological space, and beautiful and livable living space, to promote ecological environmental protection and high-quality development.

Key words: “ecological-production-living” land, land use transition, ecosystem service value, Hongsibu District

安斯文,马彩虹,袁倩颖,滑雨琪. 生态移民区“三生”用地变化对生态系统服务的影响——以宁夏红寺堡区为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1836-1846.

AN Siwen,MA Caihong,YUAN Qianying,HUA Yuqi. Effects of “ecological-production-living” land changes on ecosystem services in ecological migration area: A case of Hongsibu District in Ningxia[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1836-1846.

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传感器	产品级别	采集时间（年-月-日）	景数	景中心经纬度
PMS2	LEVEL1A	2018-04-17	3	（106.32°E,37.54°N）;（106.27°E,37.36°N）;（106.23°E,37.19°N）
PMS2	LEVEL1A	2018-04-22	1	（106.71°E,37.36°N）
PMS1	LEVEL1A	2018-04-22	2	（106.46°E,37.41°N）;（106.41°E,37.23°N）
PMS2	LEVEL1A	2018-05-07	3	（106.05°E,37.54°N）;（106.00°E,37.36°N）;（105.95°E,37.10°N）
PMS1	LEVEL1A	2018-05-07	2	（105.76°E,37.41°N）;（105.71°E,37.23°N）
PMS2	LEVEL1A	2018-07-15	2	（106.48°E,37.54°N）;（106.33°E,37.01°N）

“三生”用地分类		土地利用类型
大类（代码）	亚类（代码）	一级地类（代码）	二级地类（代码）
生产生态用地(Ⅰ)		耕地(1)	旱地(11)、水浇地(12)、园地(13)
生态用地(Ⅱ)	重点生态用地(Ⅱa)	林地(2)	其他林地(21)、灌木林地(22)
	一般生态用地(Ⅱb)	草地(3)	其他草地(31)
	生态容纳地(Ⅱc)	未利用地(6)	沙地(61)、裸土地(62)、盐碱地(63)
生态生产用地(Ⅲ)		草地(3)	人工牧草地(32)
生态生产用地(Ⅲ)		水域(4)	水域 (41)
生活生产用地(Ⅳ)		建设用地(5)	城镇用地(51)、乡村居民点(52)、工矿交通用地(53)

类型	旱田	水田	园地	其他林地	灌木林	其他草地	水域	建设用地	未利用地
食物生产	1260.33	2678.21	12426.09	177.23	157.54	19.69	196.93	0.00	0.00
原材料生产	590.78	157.54	354.47	905.86	433.24	59.08	98.46	0.00	0.00
水资源供给	39.39	-2067.73	-1240.64	-196.93	374.16	39.39	512.01	-787.71	19.69
气体调节	393.85	433.24	1299.72	3426.53	2363.12	216.62	984.64	118.16	39.39
气候调节	216.62	334.78	2441.89	10240.20	7089.37	196.93	2934.21	19.69	216.62
净化环境	59.08	98.46	728.63	3032.68	2146.50	610.47	4608.09	19.69	196.93
水文调节	157.54	433.24	2146.50	7463.53	5612.42	413.55	31016.00	39.39	59.08
土壤保持	413.55	846.79	846.79	1772.34	2875.13	256.01	1181.56	19.69	39.39
维持养分循环	137.85	216.62	157.54	334.78	216.62	19.69	236.31	19.69	19.69
生物多样性	157.54	354.47	728.63	4037.00	2619.13	236.31	3268.99	19.69	39.39
美学景观	78.77	98.46	315.08	2087.43	1161.87	98.46	2422.20	39.39	19.69

“三生”类型	2000年		2009年		2018年
“三生”类型	面积/10⁴ hm²	比例/%	面积/10⁴ hm²	比例/%	面积/10⁴ hm²	比例/%
生产生态用地	9.21	33.30	4.24	15.33	5.79	20.93
旱地	8.48	30.66	0.64	2.31	0.62	2.24
水浇地	0.73	2.64	3.40	12.29	4.42	15.98
园地	0.00	0.00	0.20	0.72	0.75	2.71
生态用地	18.19	65.76	22.12	79.97	19.43	70.25
其他林地	0.00	0.00	0.13	0.47	0.49	1.77
灌木林地	0.33	1.19	4.34	15.69	4.18	15.11
其他草地	16.08	58.13	16.31	58.97	14.50	52.42
未利用地	1.78	6.44	1.34	4.84	0.26	0.94
生态生产用地	0.15	0.54	0.28	1.01	0.31	1.12
人工牧草地	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.36	0.04	0.14
水域	0.15	0.54	0.18	0.65	0.27	0.98
生活生产用地	0.11	0.40	1.02	3.69	2.13	7.70
城镇用地	0.00	0.00	0.10	0.36	0.14	0.51
乡村居民点	0.11	0.40	0.60	2.17	0.65	2.35
工矿交通用地	0.00	0.00	0.32	1.16	1.34	4.84
合计	27.66	100.00	27.66	100.00	27.66	100.00

土地类型	2000年		2009年		2018年
土地类型	ESV/10⁸元	比例/%	ESV/10⁸元	比例/%	ESV/10⁸元	比例/%
生产生态用地	3.21	27.94	1.84	8.78	3.32	14.64
旱地	2.95	25.67	0.22	1.05	0.21	0.93
水浇地	0.26	2.26	1.22	5.82	1.59	7.01
园地	0.00	0.00	0.40	1.91	1.52	6.70
生态用地	7.58	65.97	18.12	86.49	18.08	79.75
其他林地	0.00	0.00	0.44	2.10	1.63	7.19
灌木林地	0.83	7.22	10.87	51.89	10.46	46.14
其他草地	6.63	57.70	6.72	32.08	5.97	26.33
未利用地	0.12	1.04	0.09	0.43	0.02	0.09
生态生产用地	0.71	6.18	1.04	4.96	1.37	6.04
人工牧草地	0.00	0.00	0.19	0.91	0.07	0.31
水域	0.71	6.18	0.85	4.06	1.30	5.73
生活生产用地	-0.01	-0.09	-0.05	-0.24	-0.10	-0.44
建设用地	-0.01	-0.09	-0.05	-0.24	-0.10	-0.44
合计	11.49	100.00	20.95	100.00	22.67	100.00