生态移民村镇居民居住满意度及其影响因素研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.426

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究生态移民村镇居民居住满意度，提升生态移民居住环境质量，具有一定的理论与现实意义。以宁夏典型的生态移民村镇为研究区，基于访谈式问卷，利用结构方程模型，构建居住满意度指标体系，探讨居民居住满意度特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1）生态移民村镇居民居住满意度总体较高；公共空间、配套设施以及环境状况3个维度满意度水平略低，居住满意度由高到低依次为镇北堡镇、星海镇、红寺堡镇、兴泾镇。（2）不同群体居民的满意度均值均大于3.5，满意度水平较高，但不同属性的居民群体之间存在较大差异，中青年、家庭负担系数大、受教育程度较高、迁入时长超过30 a、不愿意永久居住和感到住房拥挤的这几类居民居住满意度感知较低。（3）生态移民村镇居民居住满意度受邻里环境、组织管理、公共空间、环境状况和配套设施5个方面的影响。

关键词: 居住满意度, 生态移民村镇, 影响因素, 结构方程模型

Abstract:

Studying the life satisfaction of resident ecological immigrants in villages and towns is of theoretical and practical significance, and findings can be used improve the quality of life and living spaces of immigrants after relocation. In this paper, typical ecological immigrant villages and towns in Ningxia Province, China are used as case studies. A residential satisfaction index system is constructed based on an interview questionnaire that employs a structural equation model to explore the characteristics of residential satisfaction and its influencing factors. Results are as follows: First, the satisfaction index of residents living in ecological immigrant villages and towns is generally high, while satisfaction regarding public spaces, supporting facilities, and environmental conditions is slightly lower. The order, from high to low, of residential satisfaction levels across the studied towns is Zhenbeipu, Xinghai, Hongsipu, and Xingjing. Second, the average satisfaction index of different groups of residents is more than 3.5, and the level of satisfaction is high. However, there are large differences between the different groups. Young and middle-aged residents, those with large family-burden coefficients, those with high education levels, those relocated more than 30 years ago, those who do not wish to stay permanently, and those who perceive their housing as crowded have low perceptions of residential satisfaction. Third, residents’ life satisfaction in ecological immigrant villages and towns is affected by five aspects: neighborhood environment, community organization and management, public space, environmental conditions, and supporting facilities.

Key words: residential satisfaction, ecological immigrant villages and towns, influencing factors, structural equation model

吴海娟, 郑芳, 易洁琰. 生态移民村镇居民居住满意度及其影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(8): 1387-1396.

WU Haijuan, ZHENG Fang, YI Jieyan. Residential satisfaction and its influencing factors in ecological immigrant villages and towns[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(8): 1387-1396.

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测量维度	很不满意/%	不满意/%	一般/%	满意/%	很满意/%	满意度均值
公共空间	0.3	15.6	23.9	48.1	12.1	3.43
配套设施	0.3	5.9	23.9	57.1	12.8	3.38
组织管理	2.4	4.9	28.7	43.2	20.8	3.58
邻里环境	2.1	4.8	19.1	51.5	22.5	3.70
环境状况	0.7	4.8	36.7	50.2	7.6	3.24
居住满意度	2.8	4.8	13.1	53.3	26.0	3.95

测量维度	满意度均值
测量维度	红寺堡镇	镇北堡镇	星海镇	兴泾镇
公共空间	3.58	3.51	3.71	3.01
配套设施	3.63	3.58	3.20	3.55
组织管理	3.70	4.00	3.52	3.15
邻里环境	3.72	3.78	4.00	3.57
环境状况	3.89	3.69	3.63	3.53
居住满意度	3.95	4.04	3.96	3.75

属性	特征项	百分比/%	满意度均值	属性	特征项	百分比/%	满意度均值
性别	男	49.48	3.97	迁入时长	<10 a	14.53	3.90
	女	50.52	3.92		10~20 a	45.33	4.02
年龄	18岁以下	0.69	4.50		21~30 a	28.03	3.94
	18~35岁	28.03	3.81		>30 a	12.11	3.74
	36~45岁	32.87	3.78	搬迁类型	自发搬迁	70.93	3.96
	46~60岁	28.37	4.12		集体搬迁	29.07	3.93
	60岁以上	10.03	4.34	愿意永久居住	是	92.73	4.00
家庭人数	<4人	16.61	3.98		否	7.27	3.29
	4~6人	71.28	3.95	户口类型	本地非农业户口	17.30	3.96
	>6人	12.11	3.91		本地农业户口	62.28	3.97
受教育程度	小学以下	44.98	4.02		原居住地户口	20.42	3.86
	初中	33.56	3.98	住房来源	自建房	46.37	3.93
	高中	13.15	3.82		筹建房	7.27	4.00
	大学及以上	8.31	3.65		政府统一建房	16.96	3.94
职业类型	工人	7.96	4.35		其他	29.41	3.96
	农民	37.72	4.07	住房结构	土坯房	1.73	3.20
	党政企及事业单位人员	2.42	4.71		砖瓦楼房	44.64	3.90
	服务业人员	3.46	4.10		砖混楼房	40.14	3.97
	专业技术人员	36.68	3.68		其他	13.49	4.13
	私营企业主/个体商	5.54	3.88	拥挤程度	很拥挤	9.34	3.52
	无（失）业人员	6.23	3.94		一般	44.29	3.98
					不拥挤	46.37	4.00

潜变量	测量题项	因子载荷	均值	标准差	贡献率/%
环境状况	用水条件	0.825	3.120	0.797	21.423
	清洁状况	0.844	3.260	0.780
	噪声环境	0.825	3.310	0.811
	空气环境	0.840	3.190	0.797
	住房质量	0.796	3.300	0.879
配套设施	交通设施	0.872	3.300	0.848	21.719
	商业服务设施	0.833	3.380	0.825
	教育设施	0.854	3.380	0.867
	医疗卫生设施	0.774	3.420	0.891
	休闲娱乐设施	0.808	3.430	0.860
公共空间	公共空间数量	0.929	3.480	0.917	11.287
公共空间	公共空间质量	0.922	3.380	0.906
组织管理	村务公开程度	0.906	3.500	1.014	10.750
组织管理	社区管理	0.872	3.660	0.974
邻里环境	居民同质性	0.885	3.550	0.897	10.889
邻里环境	邻里关系	0.918	3.860	0.921

潜变量	观察变量	参数显著性估计				标准化负荷	Cronbach’s α	题目信度	组合信度	收敛效度
潜变量	观察变量	非标准化系数	标准误差	t值	P	标准化负荷	Cronbach’s α	题目信度	组合信度	收敛效度
环境状况	用水条件	1.000				0.784	0.883	0.615	0.884	0.605
	清洁状况	1.003	0.071	14.048	***	0.803		0.645
	噪声环境	1.011	0.074	13.589	***	0.778		0.605
	空气环境	1.015	0.072	14.075	***	0.795		0.632
	住房质量	1.023	0.082	12.521	***	0.727		0.529
配套设施	交通设施	1.000				0.852	0.887	0.726	0.888	0.615
	商业服务设施	0.890	0.059	15.072	***	0.780		0.608
	教育设施	0.979	0.059	16.468	***	0.816		0.666
	医疗卫生设施	0.875	0.066	13.268	***	0.710		0.504
	休闲娱乐设施	0.899	0.063	14.372	***	0.756		0.572
公共空间	公共空间数量	1.000				0.880	0.879	0.774	0.880	0.785
公共空间	公共空间质量	1.001	0.100	10.031	***	0.892		0.796
组织管理	村务公开程度	1.000				0.806	0.841	0.650	0.829	0.709
组织管理	社区管理	1.044	0.096	10.837	***	0.876		0.767
邻里环境	居民同质性	1.000				0.846	0.826	0.716	0.841	0.726
邻里环境	邻里关系	1.042	0.077	13.513	***	0.858		0.736