1960—2017年黄土高原地表温度时空变化特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.03.20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以黄土高原59个气象站1960—2017年0 cm地表温度实测资料为基础,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall检验和滑动t检验等方法,分析了年际、四季地温的时空变化规律。结果表明：（1）黄土高原年际及四季地温均呈显著上升趋势（P<0.01）,气候倾向率冬季[0.531 ℃·(10a)^-1]>春季[0.497 ℃·(10a)^-1]>年际[0.397 ℃·(10a)^-1]>秋季[0.311 ℃·(10a)^-1]>夏季[0.276 ℃·(10a)^-1]。（2）年际及四季地温突变集中发生在1990s中期—2000s中期,突变后较突变前升温幅度：春季>冬季>年际>夏季>秋季。（3）黄土高原年际及四季地温均呈东南高、西北低的空间分布,所有气象站点年际、春季、冬季地温和67.80%站点的夏季、91.53%站点的秋季地温呈显著上升趋势（P<0.05）。

关键词: 0 cm地表温度, 气候倾向率, 时空变化, 黄土高原

Abstract:

Surface temperature is an important parameter of climate change in the Loess Plateau, China. The spatial and temporal variation characteristics of surface temperature were studied using linear regression, Maan-Kendall test and sliding t-test, etc., based on measured data of 0 cm surface temperature collected from 59 meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau from 1961 to 2017. The results showed that (1) the annual and four seasonal surface temperatures of the Loess Plateau were significant (P<0.01). The highest climate tendency was in winter, which was 0.531 ℃·(10a) ^-1, followed by the tendencies in spring, annual and autumn, the data were 0.497 ℃·(10a)^-1, 0.397 ℃·(10a)^-1, 0.311 ℃·(10a)^-1, respectively. The lowest was in summer at 0.276 ℃·(10a)^-1. The increasing range in annual and seasonal ground temperature was higher than the air temperature change over the period. The increase of annual ground temperature was mainly affected by changes in ground temperature in winter and spring, and it has a strong temperature response. The lowest annual and winter ground temperature was in the 1960s, spring, and autumn in the 1970s, and summer in the 1980s. From 2011 to 2017, the highest annual and four-season ground temperature was observed. From 1998 to 2017, the annual and four-season ground temperature rising trend slowed, while the ground air temperature difference increased. (2) The abrupt changes in annual and seasonal surface temperatures were concentrated from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. After the mutation, the largest warming range was in spring, followed by winter, annual, summer, and autumn. It is related to the fact that the rise in the ground temperature is caused by the rise in air temperature, and the ground temperature has obvious buffering and persistent effects. (3) The annual and four-season surface temperatures of the Loess Plateau are higher in the south, lower in the north, higher in the east, and lower in the west. The altitude influence the annual, spring, summer, and autumn ground temperatures the most, while latitude influences the winter ground temperature the most. The annual, spring, and winter surface temperatures of all meteorological stations showed a significant upward trend (P<0.05), while 67.80% of stations in summer and 91.53% in autumn had the same characteristics.

Key words: 0 cm surface temperature, climate tendency rate, temporal and spatial change, Loess Plateau

安彬,肖薇薇,张淑兰,朱妮,张建东. 1960—2017年黄土高原地表温度时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(3): 778-785.

AN Bin,XIAO Weiwei,ZHANG Shulan,ZHU Ni,ZHANG Jiandong. Spatial and temporal characteristics of surface temperature in the Loess Plateau during 1961—2017[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3): 778-785.

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季节	突变前			突变年份	突变后
季节	气候倾向率/℃·(10a)^-1	均值/℃	方差	突变年份	气候倾向率/℃·(10a)^-1	均值/℃	方差
春季	0.047	12.77	0.449	1997	0.443	14.71	0.606
夏季	0.096	25.26	0.553	2005	0.121	26.56	0.214
秋季	0.198^*	10.01	0.461	2003	0.439	11.18	0.365
冬季	0.364^*	-5.09	0.995	1996	0.621^*	-3.43	0.646

指标	1960—2017年					1998—2017年
指标	年际	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	年际	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
地温趋势/℃·(10a)^-1	0.397	0.497	0.276	0.311	0.531	0.355	0.454	0.316	0.182	0.457
气温趋势/℃·(10a)^-1	0.326	0.354	0.201	0.281	0.479	-0.011	0.084	0.069	-0.095	-0.174
地气温差趋势/℃·(10a)^-1	0.084	0.151	0.091	0.038	0.056	0.366	0.370	0.246	0.277	0.631

地理因子	相关系数					线性趋势
地理因子	年际	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季	年际	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
海拔	-0.793^**	-0.794^**	-0.907^**	-0.797^**	-0.442^**	-0.343a	-0.331a	-0.457a	-0.336a	-0.251a
经度	0.333^**	0.338^**	0.522^**	0.366^**	0.037	0.236a	0.230a	0.430a	0.252a	0.034
纬度	-0.476^**	-0.365^**	0.048	-0.500^**	-0.856^**	-0.658a	-0.484a	0.077	-0.673a	-1.553a