古尔班通古特沙漠土壤水分含量与地形-植被因子关系研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.595

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤水分是水资源形成、转化和消耗过程中不可或缺的组成部分。以古尔班通古特沙漠固定、半固定和流动沙丘上的土壤水分含量（简称土壤水分）为研究对象，采用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）、随机森林模型及沙普利加性解释（SHAP）分析方法，研究了不同深度土壤水分与地形-植被因子之间的关系。结果表明：（1）除了半固定与流动沙丘上的中层土壤水分分布无显著差异外，研究区其他类型沙丘的土壤水分垂直分布均呈现显著差异。（2）结构方程模型结果显示，固定沙丘上地形因子高差和植被因子灌木多度对土壤水分影响最为突出，半固定沙丘上坡度和灌木盖度为主导因子，而流动沙丘地形-植被因子对土壤水分的影响不显著。（3）关键因子交互作用结果进一步显示固定沙丘中草本多度>300株·m^-2、灌木多度>2株·m^-2的组合可缓解水分胁迫；半固定沙丘中草本多度>200株·m^-2、灌木盖度>30%时，能减弱坡度对土壤水分的不利影响；流动沙丘需维持草本盖度>20%、生物量>10 g·m^-2以提升水分含量。研究结果可为荒漠化治理提供精细化管理策略。

关键词: 古尔班通古特沙漠, 土壤水分, 地形-植被因子, 偏最小二乘结构方程模型, 随机森林模型

Abstract:

Soil moisture forms an essential component in the formation, transformation, and consumption of water resources. This study investigates soil moisture in fixed, semifixed, and mobile dunes of the Gurbantunggut Desert in Xinjiang, China. The relationship between moisture at different soil depths and topography-vegetation factors was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), random forest model, and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) value analysis. The results showed that: (1) Except for soil moisture in the middle layer of semifixed and mobile dunes, the vertical distribution of moisture among dune types varied significantly. (2) Structual equation model indicated that the topography factor—height difference and vegetation factor—shrub abundance—had the most pronounced impacts on soil moisture in fixed dunes; slope degree and shrub coverage were dominant factors in semifixed dunes, whereas topography and vegetation factors had relatively minor effects in mobile dunes. (3) The interaction among key factors revealed that in fixed dunes, a combination of herb and shrub abundance >300 plants·m^-2 and >2 plants·m^-2, respectively alleviated water stress; in semifixed dunes, >200 plants·m^-2 and >30%, respectively mitigated the adverse impacts of slope degree on soil moisture; in mobile dunes, maintaining herb coverage at >20% and biomass at >10 g·m^-2 was necessary to enhance soil moisture content. These findings can help formulate refined management strategies for desertification control.

Key words: Gurbantunggut Desert, soil moisture, topography-vegetation factors, partial least squares structural equation model, random forest model

张璐, 张定海, 杨甜, 丘月. 古尔班通古特沙漠土壤水分含量与地形-植被因子关系研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(9): 1777-1787.

ZHANG Lu, ZHANG Dinghai, YANG Tian, QIU Yue. Relationship between soil moisture content and topography-vegetation factors in the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(9): 1777-1787.

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地名	经度/E	纬度/N	海拔/m	地貌类型	样地大小	优势固沙灌木
北沙窝	87°55′12″	44°22′24″	410	固定沙丘	40 m×148 m	梭梭、驼绒藜、蛇麻黄
彩南油田石油管理处	88°16′35″	44°33′34″	478	半固定沙丘	40 m×180 m	白梭梭、驼绒藜、沙拐枣、沙蒿
彩南油田	88°32′28″	44°56′49″	622	流动沙丘	40 m×148 m	白梭梭、沙拐枣、准噶尔无叶豆

参数	固定沙丘	半固定沙丘	流动沙丘
max_depth	10	5	5
max_features	0.8	0.8	0.8
min_samples_leaf	4	1	2
min_samples_split	2	5	2
n_estimators	100	100	100

评价指标	固定沙丘中层	半固定沙丘表层	流动沙丘深层
决定系数（R²）	0.62	0.68	0.60
均方根误差	0.40	0.16	0.40
平均绝对误差	0.33	0.13	0.31