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干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (6): 1226-1237.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.518 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025518

• 新质生产力 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国农业新质生产力发展水平的测度、时空演进与障碍因素分析

杨岸()   

  1. 湖南财政经济学院财政金融学院湖南 长沙 410205
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-29 修回日期:2025-10-30 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-29
  • 作者简介:杨岸(1979-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事农村经济与数字金融研究. E-mail: yangan@hufe.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金项目(22BJY006)

Measurement, spatiotemporal evolution and obstacle factors analysis of the development level of agricultural new quality productivity in China

YANG An()   

  1. School of FinanceHunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha 410205, Hunan, China
  • Received:2025-08-29 Revised:2025-10-30 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-06-29

摘要:

依据马克思生产力三要素理论构建农业新质生产力指标体系,基于2011—2022年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,运用熵值法、Dagum基尼系数、莫兰指数、马尔科夫链模型及障碍度模型对中国农业新质生产力发展水平进行测度并分析其时空演进特征及障碍因素。结果表明:(1) 研究期内,中国农业新质生产力发展水平稳步上升,但存在不平衡不充分问题,呈现“东高西低、南高北低”,由东部集聚向中西部地区扩散的空间分布格局。(2) 中国农业新质生产力发展水平差距呈现扩大态势,整体差异来源依次为区域间差异、区域内差异和超变密度;区域间差异主要来源于东-西部和东-中部地区,区域内差异主要来源于东部地区内部。(3) 中国农业新质生产力发展水平存在显著的空间正相关性,局部空间自相关类型以“高-高”和“低-低”集聚为主;农业新质生产力发展水平的演化趋势存在“俱乐部趋同”现象和“马太效应”,同时处于高水平省份的农业新质生产力具有显著的空间溢出效应。(4) 从障碍因素来看,障碍因子诊断显示新质劳动资料和新质劳动对象是制约农业新质生产力发展的主要因素;淘宝村数量占比和农村互联网普及率代表的新质产业,涉农专利数量和农产品标准化水平代表的科技创新,以及农户创业活跃度和农业科技活动人员比重代表的创新型劳动者是影响农业新质生产力提升的关键障碍因子。

关键词: 农业新质生产力, 水平测度, 时空演进, 区域差异, 创新驱动

Abstract:

The index system of agricultural new quality productivity is constructed based on Marx’s theory of the three factors of productivity. Employing panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2011 to 2022, the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient, Moran’s I, Markov chain model, and obstacle degree model are used to measure the level of agricultural new quality productivity in China and analyze its spatial and temporal evolution characteristics. The results reveal that (1) During the study period, the development level of China’s agricultural new quality productivity increases steadily, but an imbalance persists, with a spatial distribution pattern characterized by “high in the east and low in the west, high in the south and low in the north”, and it spreads from the east to the central and western regions. (2) The level gap of agricultural new quality productivity in China is expanding, and in order of significance, the overall differences arise from interregional differences, intraregional differences, and ultravariable density. The interregional differences mainly originate from the east-west and east-central regions, while the intraregional differences primarily occur within the eastern regions. (3) There is a significant positive spatial correlation in the level of agricultural new quality productivity nationwide, and the local spatial autocorrelation types are mainly “high-high” and “low-low” agglomeration. The evolution trend exhibits “club convergence” and the “Matthew effect”, and there is a significant spatial spillover effect in the agricultural new quality productivity in the provinces at a high level. (4) The analysis of obstacle factors reveals that new quality labor materials and new quality labor objects are the main factors restricting the development of agricultural new quality productivity. The new quality industry, represented by the proportion of Taobao villages and the penetration rate of rural Internet; scientific and technological innovation, represented by the number of agricultural patents and the standardization level of agricultural products; and innovative laborers, represented by farmers’ entrepreneurial activity and the proportion of agricultural scientific and technological activities, are the key factors constraining the promotion of agricultural new quality productivity.

Key words: agricultural new quality productivity, level measurement, spatiotemporal evolution, regional differences, innovation drive