近61 a黄河流域霜冻日期时空分异特征及影响因素

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.130

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1685-1694.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.130

近61 a黄河流域霜冻日期时空分异特征及影响因素

张志高¹(),徐晓曼²,郭超凡¹,蔡茂堂³(),袁征⁴,张明哲¹

1.安阳师范学院资源环境与旅游学院，河南安阳 455000
2.河南大学黄河4文明与可持续发展研究中心，河南开封 475001
3.中国地质科学院地质力学研究所，北京 100081
4.安阳工学院材料科学与工程学院，河南安阳 455000

收稿日期:2022-03-30 修回日期:2022-04-22 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2023-02-01
通讯作者: 蔡茂堂（1981-），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事气候变化研究. E-mail: Caimaotang@126.com
作者简介:张志高（1986-），男，博士，副教授，主要从事气候变化研究. E-mail: Zhangzhg06@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41602366);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师项目(2020GGJS188);河南省科技攻关项目(222102320364);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A170002);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A170004)

Spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of frost date in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020

ZHANG Zhigao¹(),XU Xiaoman²,GUO Chaofan¹,CAI Maotang³(),YUAN Zheng⁴,ZHANG Mingzhe¹

1. School of Resources Environment and Tourism, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
2. Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, China
3. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, Henan, China

Received:2022-03-30 Revised:2022-04-22 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2023-02-01
Contact: Maotang CAI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深入研究黄河流域霜冻演变规律，可为科学防范霜冻危害，促进气候资源合理开发利用提供依据。基于1960—2020年黄河流域83个气象站点统计资料，采用Mann-Kendall突变检验、Morlet小波分析和相关分析等方法，对黄河流域霜冻日期时空变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1） 1960—2020年黄河流域平均初霜日期为10月8日，终霜日期为4月30日，平均无霜期161 d。61 a来初霜日以2.51 d·(10a)^-1的速率推迟、终霜日以-2.07 d·(10a)^-1的速率提前，无霜期以4.48 d·(10a)^-1的速率显著延长。20世纪70年代初霜日最早，终霜日最晚，无霜期最短，21世纪10年代初霜日最晚，终霜日最早，无霜期最长。（2）小波分析表明，黄河流域初、终霜日和无霜期均存在28 a左右的主周期变化。初霜日于2002年发生突变，终霜日于2000年突变，无霜期突变发生于2001年。（3）从空间分布来看，由上游、中游到下游地区初霜日逐渐延迟，终霜日逐渐提前，无霜期日数逐渐延长。初霜日在流域各地均呈推迟趋势，终霜日仅在西南部合作、久治站呈推迟趋势，无霜期在各地均呈延长趋势，下游地区初霜日和无霜期变化幅度最大。（4）黄河流域初、终霜日和无霜期主要受海拔高度和日平均气温的影响。

关键词: 初霜日, 终霜日, 无霜期, 时空分异, 黄河流域

Abstract:

The study of the evolution characteristics of frost in the Yellow River Basin provides a basis for scientifically preventing frost hazards, promoting rational development, and use of climate resources. Based on the statistical data from 83 meteorological stations in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020, the Mann-Kendall mutation test, Morlet wavelet analysis, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes and influencing factors of frost date in the Yellow River Basin. The results showed that: (1) the average first frost date in the Yellow River Basin was October 8, the last frost date was April 30, and the average frost-free period was 161 days from 1960 to 2020. In the past 61 years, the first frost day was postponed at a rate of 2.51 days·(10a)^-1, the last frost day was advanced at a rate of −2.07 days·(10a)^-1, and the frost-free period was significantly prolonged at a rate of 4.48 days·(10a)^-1. In the 1970s, the first frost day was the earliest, the last frost day was the latest, and the frost-free period was the shortest. In 2010, the first frost day was the latest, the last frost day was the earliest, and the frost-free period was the longest. (2) Wavelet analysis showed that the first and last frost days and frost-free periods had a main period of about 28 a in the Yellow River Basin. The first frost day suddenly changed in 2002, the last frost day suddenly changed in 2000, and the frost-free period suddenly changed in 2001. (3) In terms of spatial distribution, from the upper to the middle and lower reaches, the first, the last frost dates and the frost-free period were gradually delayed, advanced, and extended, respectively. The first frost day was delayed in all parts of the basin, the last frost day was delayed only in Hezuo and Jiuzhi stations in the southwest, and the frost-free period was prolonged in all parts of the basin, the variation range of the first frost date and frost-free period in the lower reaches was the largest. (4) The first and last frost days and frost-free periods in the Yellow River Basin were mainly affected by altitude and the average temperature.

Key words: first frost date, last frost date, frost-free period, spatial-temporal variations, Yellow River Basin

张志高, 徐晓曼, 郭超凡, 蔡茂堂, 袁征, 张明哲. 近61 a黄河流域霜冻日期时空分异特征及影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(6): 1685-1694.

ZHANG Zhigao, XU Xiaoman, GUO Chaofan, CAI Maotang, YUAN Zheng, ZHANG Mingzhe. Spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of frost date in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(6): 1685-1694.

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年代	初霜日		终霜日		无霜期/d
年代	平均初霜日（月-日）	距平	平均终霜日（月-日）	距平	均值	距平
1960—1969	10-05	-3	05-01	1	155	-6
1970—1979	10-04	-4	05-06	6	150	-11
1980—1989	10-06	-2	05-01	1	158	-3
1990—1999	10-05	-3	04-30	0	157	-4
2000—2009	10-13	5	04-26	-4	169	8
2010—2020	10-17	9	04-23	-7	176	15

地区	初霜日		终霜日		无霜期
地区	平均初霜日（月-日）	倾向率/d·(10a)^-1	平均终霜日（月-日）	倾向率/d·(10a)^-1	均值/d	倾向率/d·(10a)^-1
上游地区	09-24	2.64	05-13	-1.63	132	4.22
中游地区	10-16	2.23	04-23	-2.37	175	4.59
下游地区	10-31	2.76	04-06	-2.33	207	5.05

因素	影响因子	初霜日	终霜日	无霜期
相关系数	海拔高度	-0.892^**	0.835^**	-0.882^**
	经度	0.641^**	-0.637^**	0.653^**
	纬度	-0.205	0.341^**	-0.269^**
	日平均气温	0.965^**	-0.938^**	0.968^**
回归系数	海拔高度	-0.020	0.017	-0.037
	经度	2.994	-2.655	5.713
	纬度	-2.185	3.243	-5.372
	日平均气温	5.137	-4.455	9.647

近61 a黄河流域霜冻日期时空分异特征及影响因素

Spatial and temporal characteristics and influencing factors of frost date in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020

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