兰州新区浅层地温能赋存条件及土壤源热泵系统适宜性分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.355

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 836-846.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.355

兰州新区浅层地温能赋存条件及土壤源热泵系统适宜性分析

范斌^1,⁴(),丁宏伟²(),张霖鑫^1,⁴,张凌鹏^1,⁴,张永军^3,⁴

1.甘肃省地矿局第二地质矿产勘查院,甘肃兰州 730020
2.甘肃省地质矿产勘查开发局,甘肃兰州 730000
3.甘肃省地质环境监测院,甘肃兰州 730050
4.甘肃省地下水工程及地热资源重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730050

收稿日期:2021-08-08 修回日期:2021-12-19 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-05-31
通讯作者: 丁宏伟
作者简介:范斌（1986-）,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事地热地质、水文地质等方面的研究. E-mail: 362428520@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省职工技术创新补助资金项目(201912);甘肃省地下水工程及地热资源重点实验室开放基金项目(20190512)

Occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal energy and suitability analysis of soil source heat pump system in Lanzhou New District

FAN Bin^1,⁴(),DING Hongwei²(),ZHANG Linxin^1,⁴,ZHANG Lingpeng^1,⁴,ZHANG Yongjun^3,⁴

1. The Second Institute of Geology and Minerals Exploration, Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
2. Gansu Provincial Bureau of Geology and Minerals Exploration and Development, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
3. Gansu Geological Environment Monitoring Institute, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China
4. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Groundwater Engineering and Geothermal Resources, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu, China

Received:2021-08-08 Revised:2021-12-19 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-05-31
Contact: Hongwei DING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

浅层地温能的开发利用有助于优化区域能源结构、节约常规化石能源、减少CO₂排放。为掌握兰州新区浅层地温能的适宜性特点,对该类资源的开发规划和政府决策提供科学依据,以兰州新区建成区和规划区为研究对象,在分析区内浅层地温能赋存条件的基础上,依据掌握的多年实际勘查资料和测试数据,通过综合运用改进的层次分析法、综合指数法,对兰州新区440 km²的区域进行了土壤源热泵系统适宜性评价分析。结果表明：（1）兰州新区拥有较为优异的浅层地温能赋存条件,区内地层结构简单且分布稳定,岩土体综合热导率、比热容、地温梯度均较高,十分有利于土壤源热泵系统的应用;而受到含水层富水性弱、水质差等因素的影响,地下水源热泵系统适宜性差。（2）基于层次分析法建立的适宜性评价模型共划分3个属性准则和7个要素指标,采用指数标度分别构建了各层次的判断矩阵,并全部高精度通过一致性检验,同时优化了各要素参数的无量纲化方法,构建的评价模型更符合实际。（3）研究区内对于土壤源热泵适宜性影响较大的要素主要是平均热导率和地温梯度。评价显示兰州新区土壤源热泵系统适宜、较适宜区总面积359.46 km²,占评价区总面积的81.70%,主要分布于秦王川盆地平原区,其余丘陵山区地带不适宜土壤源热泵系统的建设。评价结果对兰州新区乃至其他地质条件类似地区土壤源热泵系统的开发利用规划具有指导意义。

关键词: 浅层地温能, 土壤源热泵, 层次分析法, 适宜性, 兰州新区

Abstract:

Exploitation of shallow geothermal energy can optimize regional energy structure, save fossil fuel resources, and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Understanding the subsurface characteristics which determine the suitability of an area for shallow geothermal energy is essential to provide a scientific basis for development planning and government decision-making. This study examines the conditions for shallow geothermal energy in both the existing built-up area and planned area of Lanzhou New District (440 km² in total) in Gansu Province of northwest China, based on many years’ actual exploration and test data. An objective evaluation of the applicability of soil source heat pump (SSHP) systems was undertaken using an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the comprehensive index method. The results are that: (1) Lanzhou New District has generally excellent conditions for shallow geothermal energy utilizing SSHP systems. Specifically, the area has a simple and stable stratigrafic structure, high thermal conductivity, high specific heat capacity, and relatively high geothermal gradient. However, there are some unfavorable factors for developping groundwater source heat pump systems in the district, include a weak water-rich property aquifer and poor water quality. (2) The suitability evaluation model is based on an AHP divided into three attribute criteria and seven element indexes. This approach avoids some discrepancies inherent in a traditional judgement matrix constructed with the 1-9 scale proposed by Saaty. In this study, the judgement matrices for target layer and attribute criterion layer were constructed using an index scale, obtaining the weight of each factor to the target. Simultaneously, dimensionless parameters for each factor were optimized to make the model more efficient and give the evaluation result higher credibility. (3) The key factors affecting the suitability of SSHP are the average thermal conductivity and the geothermal gradient, which in this area are 1.807-2.676 W·m^-1·K^-1 and 0.30-0.40 ℃·km^-1, respectively. The evaluation shows that “suitable” and “relatively suitable” areas for SSHP in the Lanzhou New District amount to 359.46 km², which is 81.70% of the extent of the study area. Those suitable areas are chiefly located on the plains of Qinwangchuan Basin; other hilly and mountainous areas are less suitable for the installation of SSHP systems. Changing the traditional judgement matrix approach to this improved AHP-based evaluation process gives more accurate results more efficiently. The specific evaluation results of this study have clear practical value in guiding development planning for deployment of SSHP systems in Lanzhou New District and other comparable areas.

Key words: shallow geothermal energy, soil source heat pump, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), suitability, Lanzhou New District

范斌,丁宏伟,张霖鑫,张凌鹏,张永军. 兰州新区浅层地温能赋存条件及土壤源热泵系统适宜性分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(3): 836-846.

FAN Bin,DING Hongwei,ZHANG Linxin,ZHANG Lingpeng,ZHANG Yongjun. Occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal energy and suitability analysis of soil source heat pump system in Lanzhou New District[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(3): 836-846.

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地层时代	岩土名称	密度（ρ） /10³ kg·m^-3	含水率/%	导热系数（λ）/W·m^-1·K^-1			比热容（c）/J·kg^-1·K^-1			热扩散系数（α）/10^-6 m²·s^-1
地层时代	岩土名称	密度（ρ） /10³ kg·m^-3	含水率/%	实测值	平均值		实测值	平均值		实测值	平均值
第四系（Q）	中砂	1.45~2.25	15.22~18.52	0.700~0.952	0.861		537.52~1256.23	912.34		0.685~1.524	1.239
	粉土	1.32~2.10	13.14~22.31	0.897~1.050	0.935		635.45~1570.52	1106.52		0.752~1.642	1.288
	粉质黏土	1.76~2.05	14.24~19.52	1.125~1.356	1.189		542.22~1541.25	1038.24		0.856~1.752	1.314
	角砾	2.13~2.48	17.64~25.67	0.954~1.219	1.104		798.45~1413.52	1193.46		0.875~1.824	1.347
新近系（N）	泥岩	2.26~2.65	2.37~10.21	1.021~2.369	1.807		255.08~872.35	735.38		1.031~2.712	1.519
	砂质泥岩	2.39~2.74	3.12~12.65	1.138~2.821	2.113	322.51~869.54		779.11	1.024~2.733		1.604
	砂岩	2.45~3.18	9.58~17.82	1.789~3.665	2.676	368.64~939.53		884.49	1.190~2.845		1.893
	砂砾岩	2.31~2.94	11.33~19.04	1.445~2.687	2.389	417.28~907.81		852.37	1.081~2.761		1.885

指数（n）	0	2	4	6	8
标度aⁿ	1.000	1.732	3.000	5.194	9.000
评语	同等重要	稍微重要	明显重要	强烈重要	极端重要
中间插值	需要做这种处理时（n=1, 3, 5, 7）按照公式1.316ⁿ计算

X	X₁	X₂	X₃
X₁	1.000	0.577	0.333
X₂	1.732	1.000	0.577
X₃	3.000	1.732	1.000

X₁	X₁₁	X₁₂	X₁₃
X₁₁	1.000	0.577	0.333
X₁₂	1.732	1.000	0.577
X₁₃	3.000	1.732	1.000
X₂	X₂₁	X₂₂
X₂₁	1.000	0.333
X₂₂	3.000	1.000
X₃	X₃₁	X₃₂
X₃₁	1.000	3.000
X₃₂	0.333	1.000

W_i		R_C	W_ij /W_i		R_C	W_ij		R_C
W₁	0.1692	0.0176	W₁₁/W₁	0.1744	0.0027	W₁₁	0.0295	0.013
			W₁₂/W₁	0.3021		W₁₂	0.0511
			W₁₃/W₁	0.5235		W₁₃	0.0886
W₂	0.3874		W₂₁/W₂	0.2500		W₂₁	0.0969
W₂	0.3874		W₂₂/W₂	0.7500			W₂₂		0.2906
W₃	0.4434	W₃₁/W₃	0.7500	W₃₁	0.2906
W₃	0.4434	W₃₂/W₃	0.2500		W₃₂	0.0969

兰州新区浅层地温能赋存条件及土壤源热泵系统适宜性分析

Occurrence conditions of shallow geothermal energy and suitability analysis of soil source heat pump system in Lanzhou New District

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指标要素	赋值级别
指标要素	10	7~9	5~7	3~5	1~3
地下水埋深/m	<10	10~20	20~30	30~50	>50
含水层厚度/m	>30	20~30	10~20	5~10	<5
地下水流速/m·d^-1	>0.50	0.10~0.50	0.05~0.10	0.01~0.05	<0.01
初始平均地温/℃	>16	14~16	12~14	10~12	<10
地温梯度/℃·km^-1	>0.5	0.3~0.5	0.2~0.3	0.1~0.2	<0.1
平均热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	>3.0	2.5~3.0	2.0~2.5	1.5~2.0	<1.5
平均比热容/kJ·kg^-1·K^-1	>1.2	1.0~1.2	0.8~1.0	0.6~0.8	<0.4

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