黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点发展类型识别——以吴起县为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.333

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用最小累积阻力（Minimal cumulative resistance，MCR）模型，从生态和建设2个角度出发，确定居民点布局适宜性，辅以社会网络分析法研究居民点空间网络关系，从居民点整体适宜性和个体重要性出发，识别陕西省延安市吴起县的居民点发展类型。结果表明：（1）地形和交通条件为决定黄土丘陵沟壑区居民点空间布局的关键约束力，居民点集聚程度整体不高，以带状分布为主，散中有聚。（2）适宜性分区结果表现出“整体集聚、部分分散”的特征，位于适宜建设区内的农村居民点占62.83%，部分居民点分布影响区域生态稳定性。（3）现有居民点网络结构不均匀，需培育发展潜力较大的村庄节点，促进村镇地区均衡发展。（4）基于适宜性及网络分析结果，划分“直接城镇类”“优先发展类”“有条件发展类”“限制扩张类”4种类型并提出相应的发展重点。研究结果可为黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点合理规划和发展提供参考。

关键词: 农村居民点, 黄土丘陵沟壑区, 适宜性分区, 社会网络分析, 居民点发展类型

Abstract:

This study uses a minimal cumulative resistance model to explore the suitability of a residential area layout from the perspective of ecology and construction and studies network relations of residential areas through social network analysis. Starting from the significance of the overall residential area suitability and individuals, this study also identifies various types of residential development in Wuqi County, Yan’an City, Shaanxi Province, China. The following results are presented. (1) The rural residential areas in Wuqi County have zonal distribution, and a clustering feature is observed in a scattered distribution. The terrain and traffic conditions are the key constraints to determining the residential area distribution in the loess hilly and gully regions. Additionally, the overall clustering degree is low, and the average scale is 1500 m². (2) Suitability zoning is conducted using the minimal cumulative resistance model to consider the suitability of land use in rural residential areas under the constraints of an ecological environment. In accordance with zoning results, the suitable construction area, buffer zone, and ecological protection area show the characteristics of “overall agglomeration and partial dispersion”. A total of 62.83% of rural residential areas are situated in the suitable construction area and the overall layout is reasonable, but the layout of some residential areas has exerted impacts on the regional ecological stability. (3) Considering the results of network analysis, one central node is found at least in a village and town. However, the existing residential area network structure of some towns is not uniform and the existing network structure cannot boost the development of surrounding nodes. Therefore, village nodes with large development potential should be cultivated to promote the balanced development of villages and towns. (4) On the basis of the results of suitability zoning and network analysis, the zoning can be divided into the following four types: “direct town type”, “prior development type”, “conditional development type”, and “restricted expansion type”, and the corresponding development focuses are introduced. The research results can provide a reference for rational planning and rural residential development in the loess hilly and gully regions.

Key words: rural residential area, the loess hilly and gully region, suitability subareas, social network analysis, types of residential development

李嘉会,吴金华,王祯,白雨霞. 黄土丘陵沟壑区农村居民点发展类型识别——以吴起县为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(3): 397-406.

LI Jiahui,WU Jinhua,WANG Zhen,BAI Yuxia. Identification of rural residential development types in loess hilly and gully region: A case of Wuqi County[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(3): 397-406.

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评价因子	类别					权重
高程/m	1550~1795	1473~1550	1400~1473	1321~1400	1226~1321	0.12
坡度/(°)	>27	20~27	14~20	8~14	0~8	0.18
坡向	N	SE、SW	E、W	NE、NW	S	0.13
水系距离/m	水域区域	300	300~800	800~1200	>1200	0.16
归一化植被指数	≥0.7	≤0.0	0.5~0.7	0.3~0.5	0.0~0.3	0.23
土地利用	其他土地	林地、水域	草地	耕地、园地	建设用地	0.18
敏感分值	5	4	3	2	1	-

阻力因子	阻力等级					权重	文献
居民点“源”	1	2	3	4	5	-	-
生态“源”	5	4	3	2	1	-	-
坡向	S	SE、SW	E、W	NE、NW	N	0.06	[27]
坡度/(°)	0~6	6~15	15~20	20~25	>25	0.12	[24]
高程/m	1226~1321	1321~1400	1400~1473	1473~1550	1550~1756	0.13	[24]
镇距离/m	<500	500~1000	1000~1500	1500~2000	>2000	0.12	[14]
道路距离/m	<300	300~500	500~800	800~1000	>1000	0.19	[25]
水系距离/m	>1200	900~1200	600~900	300~600	0~300	0.10	[24]
用地类型	建设用地	林地、园地、草地	耕地	其他土地	水域、特殊用地	0.20	[25]
灯光总值	>17178	10200~17178	4013~10200	1200~4013	0~1200	0.08	[14]

分区类型	MCR_差值	面积/m²	占比/%
适宜建设区	[-31054, -1264）	1.46×10⁹	38.83
缓冲区	[-1264, 2879）	8.89×10⁸	23.53
生态保护区	[2879, 36917）	1.43×10⁹	37.64