1971—2018 年陕西省人体舒适度时空分布特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.06.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据陕西省 94 个气象观测站 1971—2018 年逐日气象资料，对人体舒适度指数（I_CHB）时空分布特征及其影响因子权重进行了统计分析。结果表明：（1）陕西近 48 a 省 I_CHB 呈现显著上升趋势，线性趋势达到 0.07?a^-1，陕北、关中和陕南地区年际变化与全省变化趋势基本一致。四季 I_CHB 变化均呈上升趋势，其中春季上升趋势最为显著，冬季次之，秋季最低，四季I_CHB 在 2000 年以来增幅减缓。各区四季 I_CHB年际变化与全省趋势一致，各区I_CHB 夏季差异最小，冬季最大。I_CHB 月变化呈单峰型，1 月最低，7 月最高。（2）陕西各地 I_CHB介于 26～52 之间，体感属于冷、凉和凉爽等级。I_CHB 空间分布差异显著，陕南地区最高，其次是关中，陕北地区最低。四季 I_CHB 分布特征与全年分布特征相似，均呈现自北向南逐步升高的趋势。（3）R/S 分析预测未来气温将升高，风速则呈减少趋势，I_CHB 将继续升高，四季气候舒适性将发生改变。（4）温度（湿度、风速）与 I_CHB 存在显著的正（负）相关关系，温度和风速是影响陕西省I_CHB的最主要因子，且二者影响程度基本相当，湿度主要通过温度影响 I_CHB。3 个地区温度的正影响和风速的负影响均较大，关中地区 3 个要素之间互相影响较大；陕北和陕南地区各要素之间互相影响较小，对 I_CHB的直接影响较大。

关键词: 人体舒适度指数, 时空特征, 通径分析, 陕西省

Abstract: To reveal the change law of human comfort in Shaanxi Province, China under the background of climate change, the spatial-temporal characteristics of Comfort Index of Human Body (I_CHB) are analyzed using the daily meteorological data observed by 94 stations in Shaanxi Province from 1971 to 2018. At the same time, the weight of every influencing factor is analyzed statistically. Analysis results can provide references for urban atmospheric environment assessment and tourism climate resource development. Results indicated that: (1) The annual average I_CHB in Shaanxi presents an ascendant trend in the past 48 a, which reaches an extremely significant level. The linear increasing trend of I_CHB in Shaanxi is 0.07 each year. The inter-annual changes in each region are basically consistent with the changes in Shaanxi Province, with upward trends of 0.05?a^-1, 0.09?a^-1, and 0.05?a^-1, respectively. The I_CHB in each season presents obvious increasing trend, especially in spring with a linear trend of 0.1?a^-1. The increasing trend of I_CHB slowed down since the 21st century, and the ICHB decreased after 2001 in autumn and winter. The annual variation of I_CHB in the four seasons of each region is consistent with the trend of the Shaanxi Province. The difference of I_CHB in summer is minimum, while the largest difference is observed in winter. Monthly changes of ICHB are of single peak type with the lowest in January and the highest in July. (2) The I_CHB in Shaanxi is between 26 and 52, and the grade is cold and cool. The spatial distribution of I_CHB is significantly different in each region, with the highest in southern Shaanxi (40-52), followed by Guanzhong (26-48), and the lowest in northern Shaanxi (33-43). The distribution characteristics of I_CHB in the four seasons are similar to those in the whole year with all showing increasing trends from north to south. The I_CHB in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter in the province shows a rising- rising- declining- declining trend. (3) By R/S nalysis, it was found that the Hurst values of most factors were greater than 0.5, indicating that in the future, temperature will continue to rise, wind speed will maintain the current decreasing trend, and the I_CHB will increase. The climate comfort in four seasons is also expected to change. As I_CHB rises in spring, autumn, and winter, the living environment may become more comfortable, but the increasing grade of I_CHB in summer may lead to more hot days. (4) Past analysis indicates that temperature is positively correlated with I_CHB, while humidity and wind speed are negatively correlated with I_CHB. Temperature and speed are the main factors affecting the I_CHB, and the absolute values of their correlation coefficients are higher than 0.7. Humidity affects the I_CHBby temperature. The positive effect of temperature and the negative effect of wind speed in the three regions are significant. Humidity also has a greater negative impact on I_CHBin northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong but less impact on I_CHB in southern Shaanxi. The three factors in Guanzhong have greater influence on each other, but the factors in northern Shaanxi and southern Shaanxi have little influence on each other, which have a direct impact on I_CHB.

Key words: comfort index of human body, spatial-temporal characteristics, path analysis, Shaanxi Province

雷杨娜, 张侠, 赵晓萌. 1971—2018 年陕西省人体舒适度时空分布特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(6): 1417-1425.

LEI Yang-na, ZHANG Xia, ZHAO Xiao-meng. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of comfort index of human body in Shaanxi Province from 1971 to 2018[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(6): 1417-1425.

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