祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林土壤水热时空变化特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.04.18

干旱区地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1033-1040.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.04.18

祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林土壤水热时空变化特征

马剑^1,2,3,4, 刘贤德^1,2,3,4, 李广¹, 赵维俊^2,3,4, 王顺利^2,3,4, 敬文茂^2,3,4, 马雪娥^2,3,4

1 甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃兰州 730070;
2 甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院,甘肃张掖 734000;
3 甘肃祁连山森林生态监测与评估国际科技合作基地,甘肃张掖 734000;
4 甘肃省祁连山森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站,甘肃张掖 734000

收稿日期:2019-07-23 修回日期:2019-12-30 出版日期:2020-07-25 发布日期:2020-11-18
作者简介:马剑（1986–）,男,高级工程师,博士研究生,研究方向为森林与土壤生态. E-mail:405153416@qq.com
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金重大项目（18JR4RA002）; 甘肃省林业科技计划项目（2018kj014,2018kj016）资助

Spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture and temperature of Picea Crassifolia forest in north piedmont of central Qilian Mountains

MA Jian^1,2,3,4, LIU Xian-de^1,2,3,4, LI Guang¹, ZHAO Wei-jun^2,3,4, WANG Shun-li^2,3,4, JING Wen-mao^2,3,4, MA Xue-e^2,3,4

1 College of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;
2 Academy of Water Resources Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China;
3 International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Forest Ecological Monitoring and Assessment in Qilian Mountains,Gansu Province,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China;
4 Gansu Qilian Mountain Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China

Received:2019-07-23 Revised:2019-12-30 Online:2020-07-25 Published:2020-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林为研究对象,利用5套土壤温湿度自动监测系统对海拔2 500~3 300 m的青海云杉连续监测3 a,旨在探讨青海云杉林土壤水热的变化特征及土壤水热间的互作效应。结果表明：（1）7：00~19：00,土壤温度整体上呈升高趋势,8：00土壤均温最低,为1.03 ℃,18：00土壤均温最高,为1.32 ℃;土壤湿度的变化幅度较小,且差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）冷期（1~4月、11~12月）、暖期（5~10月）,各占全年的50%;8月前随月份增大土壤温湿度增大,月份增大1月,土壤均温增大2.21 ℃,湿度增大0.021 m³·m^-3,8月后随月份增大逐渐减小,月份增大1月,土壤均温减小3.12 ℃,湿度减小0.017 m³·m^-3。（3）土壤温度与海拔之间有负相关关系（R²=0.81,P<0.05）;土壤湿度与海拔之间存在二项式相关关系（R²=0.95,P <0.05）。（4）土壤温度与土层深度间呈负相关关系（P <0.05）,而土壤湿度与土层深度呈线性正相关关系（P <0.05）,土层每增加一层,土壤均温减小0.142 ℃,度约增加0.009 m³·m^-3。（5）青海云杉林土壤温度和湿度间呈显著线性负相关关系（P <0.05）。

关键词: 土壤温度, 土壤湿度, 变化特征, 青海云杉林, 祁连山

Abstract: This study analyzes the Picea crassifolia forest located at the altitude of 2 500 m to 3 300 m in the northern piedmont of the central Qilian Mountains,northwest China. Five automatic soil temperature and moisture monitoring systems were used to monitor this Picea crassifolia forest over a continuous three-year period. The paper seeks to explore the variations of soil moisture and temperature as well as interactions between soil moisture and temperature. Our results revealed as follows：（1） from 07：00 to 19：00,soil temperature showed an overall increasing trend. The average soil temperature was the lowest at 8：00,when it was 1.03℃. The average soil temperature was the highest at 18：00 when it was 1.32℃. Variations in soil moisture were small,with insignificant differences （P>0.05）. （2） The cold period （January-April,November-December） and warm period （May-October） each account for six months out of the year,respectively. Soil temperature and moisture increased during each month before August,with the average temperature and moisture of soil increasing by 2.21℃ and 0.021 m³·m^-3,respectively,each month. After August,the average soil temperature and moisture decreased by 3.12℃ and 0.017 m³·m^-3,respectively,each month. （3） There was a negative correlation between soil temperature and elevation （R=0.81,P<0.05）,whereas there was a binomial correlation between soil moisture and altitude （R=0.95,P<0.05）. Following an increase in altitude,soil moisture first increased and then decreased. （4） There was a negative correlation between soil temperature and soil depth （P<0.05）,while there was a linear positive correlation between soil moisture and soil depth （P<0.05）. For each additional layer,the average soil temperature decreased by 0.142℃ and soil moisture increased by 0.009 m³·m^-3. （5） There was a significant linear negative correlation between soil temperature and moisture in the Picea crassifolia forest studied （P<0.05）.

Key words: soil temperature, soil moisture, variations, Picea crassifolia, Qilian Mountains

马剑, 刘贤德, 李广, 赵维俊, 王顺利, 敬文茂, 马雪娥. 祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林土壤水热时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(4): 1033-1040.

MA Jian, LIU Xian-de, LI Guang, ZHAO Wei-jun, WANG Shun-li, JING Wen-mao, MA Xue-e. Spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture and temperature of Picea Crassifolia forest in north piedmont of central Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(4): 1033-1040.

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祁连山北麓中段青海云杉林土壤水热时空变化特征

Spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture and temperature of Picea Crassifolia forest in north piedmont of central Qilian Mountains

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