黄河流域甘肃段生态敏感性评价研究——以广河县为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究适用于黄河流域甘肃段生态环境的保护理论与方法，解决该区域生态环境保护与社会经济发展的矛盾问题，选取适合黄河流域甘肃段生态敏感性评价因子，利用层次分析法和GIS空间分析方法，定量评价广河县生态敏感性，并选取GDP、人均GDP、人口密度等6项社会经济指标，结合耦合度模型和耦合协调度模型，分别探究生态敏感性与其的耦合协调关系。研究表明：（1）水体、土壤可蚀性、植被覆盖与土地利用类型对广河县生态敏感性影响较强烈。（2）生态敏感性子系统与各社会经济指标子系统呈现出较强的空间相关性，互相依存关系明显，耦合度水平均处于较高状态。（3）耦合协调度研究中生态敏感性子系统与人均GDP、矿产资源指标子系统处于协调发展状态，生态敏感性子系统与GDP、人口密度、工业指标与养殖业指标子系统处于拮抗发展状态。研究生态敏感性与社会经济发展的相关性，为该区域提供差异化的发展与保护协调路径，并为同类型区域提供借鉴。

关键词: 生态敏感性, GIS空间分析, 耦合, 黄河流域甘肃段

Abstract:

To explore the protection theory and method applicable to the ecological environment of the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin and to solve the contradictory problems of ecological environmental protection and socioeconomic development in the region, we selected evaluation factors suitable for the ecological sensitivity of the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin. We used hierarchical analysis and GIS spatial analysis to quantitatively evaluate the ecological sensitivity of Guanghe County. We also selected six socioeconomic indexes, such as GDP, per capita GDP, and population density, combined with the coupling degree model and the coupling coordination degree model, to explore the ecological sensitivity of Guanghe County and its coupling coordination relationship. This study shows the following: (1) The distance from the water body, soil erodibility, vegetation coverage, and land use types have a strong impact on the ecological sensitivity of Guanghe County. (2) There is a strong spatial correlation and obvious interdependence between the ecological sensitivity subsystem and the social and economic indicator subsystems, with a high coupling degree. (3) In the study of coupling coordination degree, the ecological sensitivity subsystem is in a coordinated development state with the per capita GDP and mineral resource indicator subsystems, whereas it is in an antagonistic development state with the GDP, population density, industrial indicator, and aquaculture indicator subsystems. This study explores the correlation between ecological sensitivity and social and economic development, providing differentiated development and protection coordination paths for this region and offering a reference for similar regions.

Key words: ecological sensitivity, GIS spatial analysis, coupling and coordination, Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin

董晓媛, 胥德泽, 施小斌, 杜森. 黄河流域甘肃段生态敏感性评价研究——以广河县为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(4): 599-611.

DONG Xiaoyuan, XU Deze, SHI Xiaobin, DU Sen. Ecological sensitivity evaluation of the Gansu section of the Yellow River: A case study of Guanghe County[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(4): 599-611.

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	评价指标	低敏感	较低敏感	一般敏感	较高敏感	高敏感
地形条件	海拔/m	<1914	1914~2047	2047~2165	2165~2311	>2311
	坡度/(°)	<7.8	7.8~15.5	15.5~23.2	23.2~33.3	>33.3
	坡向	平地、正南	东南、西南	正东、正西	东北、西北	正北
自然环境	水体/m	<50	50~200	200~500	500~1000	>1000
	植被覆盖	>0.49	0.42~0.49	0.34~0.42	0.26~0.34	<0.26
	土壤可蚀性	<0.039	0.039~0.041	0.041~0.043	0.043~0.045	>0.045
	降雨侵蚀力	<1344	1344~1447	1447~1546	1546~1690	>1690
人类活动	土地利用类型	水域	林地	草地	耕地	建设用地、未利用土地

指标	海拔	坡度	坡向	水体	植被覆盖	土壤可蚀性	降雨侵蚀力	土地利用类型	权重	权重排序
海拔	1	3	5	1/3	1/4	1/3	1/3	1/5	0.066	6
坡度	1/3	1	3	1/5	1/5	1/3	1/3	1/5	0.042	7
坡向	1/5	1/3	1	1/5	1/7	1/5	1/5	1/9	0.024	8
水体	3	5	5	1	1/2	1	1	1/3	0.132	5
植被覆盖	4	5	7	2	1	1	3	1	0.218	2
土壤可蚀性	3	3	5	1	1	1	1	1	0.156	3
降雨侵蚀力	3	3	5	1	1/3	1	1	1/3	0.117	4
土地利用类型	5	5	9	3	1	1	3	1	0.245	1

指标	低敏感		较低敏感		一般敏感		较高敏感		高敏感
指标	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
海拔	83.71	15.55	133.90	24.87	158.07	29.36	122.91	22.83	39.75	7.38
坡度	136.21	25.30	151.43	28.13	143.40	26.64	79.14	14.70	26.24	4.87
坡向	49.73	9.27	104.37	19.46	159.70	29.77	153.21	28.56	69.40	12.94
水体	33.73	6.29	49.04	9.14	111.16	20.72	142.88	26.64	201.52	37.57
植被覆盖	4.43	0.83	65.68	12.25	202.61	37.77	238.62	44.48	27.00	5.03
土壤可蚀性	0.05	0.01	124.88	23.28	139.62	26.03	157.06	29.28	116.72	21.76
降雨侵蚀力	66.17	12.34	131.69	24.55	140.04	26.11	105.27	19.62	95.17	17.74
土地利用类型	11.75	2.19	11.46	2.14	322.75	60.17	166.72	31.08	25.66	4.78

指标	低敏感			较低敏感			一般敏感			较高敏感			高敏感
指标	面积/km²	占比/%		面积/km²	占比/%		面积/km²	占比/%		面积/km²	占比/%		面积/km²	占比/%
综合生态敏感性指数	6.41	1.19		55.14	10.28		308.50	57.51		159.01	29.64		7.34	1.37

耦合协调度分级	类型	耦合协调发展状态	耦合协调度分级	类型	耦合协调发展状态
0.0≤D<0.5	失调	严重拮抗	0.7≤D<0.85	中度耦合协调	磨合
0.5≤D<0.7	低耦合协调	拮抗	0.85≤D≤1.0	高度耦合协调	协调