Cultivated land is the most
important resource for agricultural production development. Along with the rapid urbanization process recently, cultivated land resources in China are faced with many
problems such as quantity reduction, quality decline, and ecological degradation, which means the protection and utilization methods of
cultivated land need to be transformed. The implementation of land fallowing is an important
means to maintain soil quality and restore soil fertility. As the direct user of cultivated land, farmers are an important subject of fallow management. Identifying the influencing factors
of farmers’ willingness and behavior on fallow management and
protection is of great significance for promoting the implementation of
fallowing system. In this paper, a structural equation model (SEM) was set up using the
sample of 12 villages of 2 towns in Xingtai, Hebei Province, China, including 4 latent
variables (household characteristics, family characteristics, cognitive characteristics, awareness of the utilization of cultivated land
factors).Apart from above 4 latent variables, there were another 2 latent variables (represent
farmers’ willingness and behavior) and 12 observable variables
(age of farmer, the Communist Party
membership, village cadre status, number of family members, number of non-agricultural employments of family, family income, farmland protection responsibilities in farms’ mind, satisfaction degree
of fallow policy, understanding degree
of fallow land management and protection technology, farmland area, grain planting proportion, land fragmentation).This SEM was used to analyze the
farmers’ willingness and behavior of the management and
protection of fallow land. There are three main
findings. First, economic compensation is an important factor for
farmer’s choice on managing and protecting fallow land. Specifically, 26.44% of the farmers were willing to manage the
fallow land without economic compensation, while 53.55% of the farmers are willing to manage
fallow land with economic compensation. Second, cognitive
consciousness has most important impact on willingness and behavior of the
fallow land management and protection. For the farmers’ management and protection willingness, family characteristics, cognitive consciousness, status of farmland has a significant impact. For farmers’ management and protection behavior, farmers’ characteristics, family characteristics and cognitive awareness have a
significant impact. Finally, the index variables including the Communist Party
membership, village cadre status, number of family members, farmland protection responsibilities in farms’ mind, satisfaction degree
of fallow policy, understanding degree
of fallow land management-protected technology, farmland area, and grain planting proportion have a positive impact
on fallow land management and protection willingness and behavior. The index variables including age of farmer, number of non-agricultural employments of family, family income, land fragmentation have a negative influence on the
willingness and behavior. Based on the main
findings, there are serval
policy implications. First, broadening the propaganda approaches of land fallowing
policy and land management and protection policy is significant to promote
farmers’ choice of management and protection on fallowing
cultivated land. Second, to foster enthusiasm of farmers’ spontaneous management and protection of fallowing
land, it is fundamentally important to give enough
compensation for them. Finally, it is also of significance to strengthen farmers’ training on the management and protection of fallow
land and dig out new approaches for managing fallowing land in the future.
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