To study the sustainable
livelihood is significant for poverty alleviation and the development of rural
area. Based on the sustainable livelihood framework, 484 farmer householders were investigated in Shangluo
City of Qinling-Daba mountainous
area, Shaanxi Province, China. The survey data was
used to analyze household livelihood capital between different groups by
constructing the indexes system of household’s livelihood assets, then the impact of livelihood capital on the
livelihood strategies as well as their coupling coordinative degree were
discussed using the Multinomial Logit regression model and the livelihood
capital coupling coordinative degree model respectively. The results showed
as follows: (1) The livelihood strategies of rural households
were obviously different. According to the
proportion of non-agricultural income, there were four types of household livelihoods, namely, exclusively employed
by others (Type A),employed by others most of the time (Type B),work part time
for others (Type C) and 100% doing the farm work (Type D). (2) In the survey
samples, the livelihood
capital of farmers was limited and unbalanced, which presented the characteristics of relatively high
financial capital and social capital and relatively low natural capital and
human resources capital. Among the non-poor households, the total livelihood capital of the Type C was the
highest (0.451), followed by the Type
B (0.393) and the Type A (0.382), the Type D (0.215)
was the lowest. While among the poor
households, the Type B (0.348)
was the highest, followed by the Type
A (0.345) and the Type C (0.342),the Type D (0.184) was the lowest. (3) The
impact of livelihood capital on the livelihood strategy choice of non-poor households and poor households was different. For the non-poor households, the per capita cultivated land, the per capita forest land area, the cultivated land quality, vocational skill level, political resources and the employment network had a
positive effect on the transformation from the Type A to the Type B and the
Type C, but per capita household income and male labor ratio
had a negative effect. The per capita
household income and vocational skill level had a negative effect on the
transformation from the Type A to the Type D. For the poor households, the transformation from the Type A to the Type B, Type C and Type D was positively impacted by the per
capita cultivated land, the per capita forest
land area and political resources, and the per capita household income, labor education level, vocational skill level and communication expenditure
were negative factors.(4) If lining the coupling coordinative degree of non-poor households' livelihood capital up in order, from the largest to the smallest we have the list as
follows: the Type C (0.114),the Type B (0.106),the Type A (0.103),and the Type
D (0.045).Similarly for the coupling coordinative degree of poor households’ livelihood capital we have the list as follows: the
Type C (0.095),the Type A (0.094),the Type B (0.092) and the Type D
(0.086).This study could provide useful information for the optimization of
livelihood strategies and effective poverty alleviation.
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