As the typical arid area ecosystem,the ecosystem in lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang,China,has a strong dependence on water.Taking Yingsu-section in the lower reaches of Tarim River as the study area,this paper analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the interaction process and the mechanism among the ecological water conveyance,the underground water level change and NDVI change based on Darcy's law,the calculation method of water absorption rate of plant root system and the intercoupling relationship between ecological water conveyance,underground water level change and NDVI change from 2009 to 2015.The results indicate the following conclusions:(1) It takes a long time for the water conveyance to take effect.The response of the groundwater and the ecological response of vegetation in the lower reaches are gradually revealed at a large spatio-temporal scale,and there is a linear growth with the increase of riverbank distance.The study used monitoring wells C3,C4,C5,C6 with the distance from the riverway of 59,300,500,750 meters respectively,and found that there was a lag period of one to nine months during water conveyance.In addition,due to the seasonal nature of plant growth,the groundwater depth value in one year can affect the plant growth in the next year to a certain degree. (2) The research over years show that when the groundwater depth value is less than seven meters,the growth demand of tree and shrub plants is met.For herbaceous plants,when the groundwater depth value is less than six meters,the growth demand is met. (3) When the annual total water supply is fixed,the optimum number of water conveyance for restoration of riverbank vegetation is twice a year.Because there is a certain lag period on the ecological water conveyance-the change in the groundwater level-the changes in NDVI,it is recommended that the water conveyance should be held from April to May and from July to August.In that way,water supply will have an influence on plant germination from March to April which is the most important period of plant growth,and have an influence on plant flourishing period from June to August which is the period of maximum water demand.
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