Influences of ecological water conveyance on Populus euphratica forest restoration in the middle reaches of Tarim River
Received date: 2022-05-11
Revised date: 2022-07-17
Online published: 2023-02-21
Ecological water conveyance is an important measure in the special action of Populus euphratica forest protection, and the analysis of the effect of submerged irrigation on the restoration of P. euphratica forest is critical for evaluating the effect of ecological restoration. We select the National Nature Reserve of P. euphratica in Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, as the study area. Based on dense time-series remote sensing data, NDWI threshold segmentation and human-computer interaction were used to extract the overflowing surface of ecological water conveyance, and the modified maximal gradient difference model was used to retrieve the vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest. Geographical information system spatial analysis and regression analysis were used to dynamically monitor the ecological water conveyance since the implementation of the special action for P. euphratica forest protection in 2016 and quantitatively analyze the impact of the submerged irrigation area and frequency on the restoration of the P. euphratica forest vegetation coverage. The results are as follows: (1) The submerged irrigation area is mainly rising from the end of July to the beginning of August, reaching the maximum overflow area in September. In 2017, the area of ecological water conveyance was the largest, reaching 246.7 km2, and the ecological water conveyance force in 2018—2021 was reduced compared with the previous two years. The smallest area in 2020 was 70.5 km2. There is a tendency for the spatial distribution to be more in the north and less in the south and for downstream to be greater than upstream. (2) The vegetation coverage of the National Nature Reserve of P. euphratica in Tarim, increased from 18.88% to 19.61% from 2016 to 2021. The north side of the Tarim River with a greater submerged irrigation area shows an increasing trend, whereas the P. euphratica forest on the south side of the Tarim River with less ecological water conveyance still exhibits a degradation trend. (3) The restoration degree of vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest increased significantly with an increase in the ecological water submerged irrigation frequency. When the submerged irrigation frequency exceeded three times, the growth rate of vegetation coverage of the P. euphratica forest was approximately 0.93%·a-1-1.11%·a-1, which was 4-5 times higher than that of the nonecological water conveyance overflow area. This study provides a new idea for the evaluation of ecological water conveyance benefits of the P. euphratica forest and is of great significance for evaluating the effectiveness of the special action of P. euphratica forest protection and developing a more rational water transport strategy.
Zhen WANG , Junli LI , Jiudan ZHANG , Haoru WU , Xuefei GUO . Influences of ecological water conveyance on Populus euphratica forest restoration in the middle reaches of Tarim River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023 , 46(1) : 94 -102 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.213
| [1] | Ling H B, Zhang P, Xu H L, et al. How to regenerate and protect desert riparian Populus euphratica forest in arid areas[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 15418, doi: 10.1038/srep15418. |
| [2] | Halik U, Aishan T, Betz F, et al. Effectiveness and challenges of ecological engineering for desert riparian forest restoration along China’s largest inland river[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2019, 127: 11-22. |
| [3] | 王蕾, 罗磊, 刘鹏, 等. 塔里木河中下游水分干扰对胡杨林群落物种多样性的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1275-1281. |
| [3] | [Wang Lei, Luo Lei, Liu Peng, et al. Biodiversity of Populus euphratica communities under water disturbance in middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2016, 39(6): 1275-1281.] |
| [4] | Li H L, Feng J Z, Bai L Y, et al. Populus euphratica phenology and its response to climate change in the upper Tarim River Basin, NW China[J]. Forests, 2021, 12(10): 1315, doi: 10.3390/f12 101315. |
| [5] | Xu H L, Ye M, Li J M. The ecological characteristics of the riparian vegetation affected by river overflowing disturbance in the lower Tarim River[J]. Environmental Geology, 2009, 58(8): 1749-1755. |
| [6] | 蔚亮, 李均力, 包安明, 等. 塔里木河下游湿地面积时序变化及对生态输水的响应[J]. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(6): 616-627. |
| [6] | [Wei Liang, Li Junli, Bao Anming, et al. Temporal areal changes of wetlands in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and their responses to ecological water conveyance[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(6): 616-627.] |
| [7] | Ling H B, Guo B, Yan J J, et al. Enhancing the positive effects of ecological water conservancy engineering on desert riparian forest growth in an arid basin[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2020, 118: 106797, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106797. |
| [8] | 邓潮洲, 张希明, 吴俊侠, 等. 输水堤坝对塔里木河中游胡杨群落及种群的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2010, 30(5): 1356-1366. |
| [8] | [Deng Chaozhou, Zhang Ximing, Wu Junxia, et al. The influence of water conveyance embankments on the Populus euphratica’s communities and populations in the middle reaches of Tarim River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(5): 1356-1366.] |
| [9] | 徐梦辰, 陈永金, 刘加珍, 等. 塔里木河中游水文影响下的胡杨种群格局动态[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(9): 2646-2655. |
| [9] | [Xu Mengchen, Chen Yongjin, Liu Jiazhen, et al. The distribution pattern dynamics of Populus euphratica are influenced by hydrology in the middle reaches of Tarim River[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(9): 2646-2655.] |
| [10] | 徐俏, 叶茂, 徐海量, 等. 塔里木河下游生态输水对植物群落组成、多样性和稳定性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(9): 2603-2610. |
| [10] | [Xu Qiao, Ye Mao, Xu Hailiang, et al. Effects of ecological water conveyance on the composition, diversity and stability of plant community in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2018, 37(9): 2603-2610.] |
| [11] | Yu P J, Xu H L, Ye M, et al. Effects of ecological water conveyance on the ring increments of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J]. Journal of Forest Research, 2012, 17(5): 413-420. |
| [12] | 薛联青, 符芳兵, 祝薄丽, 等. 塔里木河流域下游绿洲演变对生态输水的响应[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 47(4): 310-316. |
| [12] | [Xue Lianqing, Fu Fangbing, Zhu Boli, et al. Response of oasis evolution to ecological water transport in the downstream of Tarim River Basin[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 2019, 47(4): 310-316.] |
| [13] | 李金, 徐海量, 王勇辉, 等. 叶尔羌河下游河岸胡杨种群长势与植物多样性对淹灌的响应评估[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2019, 35(7): 859-866. |
| [13] | [Li Jin, Xu Hailiang, Wang Yonghui, et al. Evaluation on response of Populus euphratica population growth and plant diversity to flooding irrigation in lower reaches of Yarkant River Basin[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2019, 35(7): 859-866.] |
| [14] | 傅荩仪, 徐海量, 赵新风, 等. 漫溢干扰对塔里木河河岸退化植被的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(1): 60-66. |
| [14] | [Fu Jinyi, Xu Hailiang, Zhao Xinfeng, et al. Influences of flooding on degraded riparian vegetation along the lower Tarim River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(1): 60-66.] |
| [15] | 张沛, 徐海量, 凌红波, 等. 塔里木河下游不同漫溢频次下植物群落变化初探[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016, 33(6): 1242-1248. |
| [15] | [Zhang Pei, Xu Hailiang, Ling Hongbo, et al. Variation of vegetation communities under different flooding frequency in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016, 33(6): 1242-1248.] |
| [16] | 李玉朋, 陈亚宁, 叶朝霞, 等. 塔里木河下游输水20 a的生态响应[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(3): 700-707. |
| [16] | [Li Yupeng, Chen Yaning, Ye Zhaoxia, et al. Ecological responses of ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of Tarim River for 20 years[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3): 700-707.] |
| [17] | 徐海量, 宋郁东, 王强. 胡杨生理指标对塔里木河下游生态输水的响应[J]. 环境科学研究, 2003, 16(4): 24-27. |
| [17] | [Xu Hailiang, Song Yudong, Wang Qiang. Response of physiological indexes of Populus enphratica to ecological water transport in the lower reaches of Tarim River[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2003, 16(4): 24-27.] |
| [18] | 安红燕, 叶茂, 徐海量, 等. 塔里木河下游胡杨径向生长量对生态输水的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(4): 957-962. |
| [18] | [An Hongyan, Ye Mao, Xu Hailiang, et al. Response of radial increment of Populus euphratica to ecological water conveyance in lower reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2011, 31(4): 957-962.] |
| [19] | 李均力, 肖昊, 沈占锋, 等. 2013—2018年塔里木河下游植被动态变化及其对生态输水的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(4): 985-992. |
| [19] | [Li Junli, Xiao Hao, Sheng Zhanfeng, et al. Vegetation changes during the 2013—2018 period and its response to ecological water transport in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(4): 985-992.] |
| [20] | Chen Y N, Chen Y P, Zhu C G, et al. Ecohydrological effects of water conveyance in a disconnected river in an arid inland river basin[J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12: 9982, doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14524-z. |
| [21] | 高生峰, 叶茂. 塔里木河上、中游极端干旱区淹灌对胡杨(Populus euphratica)长势的影响[J]. 生态科学, 2020, 39(2): 50-57. |
| [21] | [Gao Shengfeng, Ye Mao. Effect of flood on growth of Populus euphratica in extreme arid region in the upper and middle reaches of Tarim River for example[J]. Ecological Science, 2020, 39(2): 50-57.] |
| [22] | 李金, 徐海量, 王勇辉, 等. 塔里木河上中游荒漠河岸林植物群落对淹灌的响应[J]. 水土保持通报, 2019, 39(3): 31-38. |
| [22] | [Li Jin, Xu Hailiang, Wang Yonghui, et al. Respones of riparian forest plant communities to flood irrigation in upper and middle reaches of Tarim River[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 39(3): 31-38.] |
| [23] | 张勇, 吴子璇, 石锐, 等. 基于多源遥感的和田河流域生态补水对流域植被变化影响研究[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 58(1): 125-134. |
| [23] | [Zhang Yong, Wu Zixuan, Shi Rui, et al. Impact of ecological water supplementation on vegetation changes in the Hotan River Basin as judged by multi-source remote sensing data[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 58(1): 125-134.] |
| [24] | Li H, Shi Q D, Wan Y B, et al. Using Sentinel-2 Images to map the Populus euphratica distribution based on the spectral difference acquired at the key phenological stage[J]. Forests, 2021, 12(2): 147, doi: 10.3390/f12020147. |
| [25] | 赵俊红, 周华荣, 卢雅焱, 等. 2000—2015年塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区NPP时空动态特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(1): 190-200. |
| [25] | [Zhao Junhong, Zhou Huarong, Lu Yayan, et al. Temporal-spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the vegetation net primary production in the national nature reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim from 2000 to 2015[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(1): 190-200.] |
| [26] | McFeeters S K. The use of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in the delineation of open water features[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1996, 17(7): 1425-1432. |
| [27] | 李向婷, 白洁, 李光录, 等. 新疆荒漠稀疏植被覆盖度信息遥感提取方法比较[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(3): 502-511. |
| [27] | [Li Xiangting, Bai Jie, Li Guanglu, et al. Comparison of methods based on MODIS for estimating sparse vegetation fraction across desert in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2013, 36(3): 502-511.] |
| [28] | Jiapaer G, Chen X, Bao A M. A comparison of methods for estimating fractional vegetation cover in arid regions[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2011, 151(12): 1698-1710. |
| [29] | 唐世浩, 朱启疆, 周宇宇, 等. 一种简单的估算植被覆盖度和恢复背景信息的方法[J]. 中国图象图形学报, 2003, 8(11): 1304-1308. |
| [29] | [Tang Shihao, Zhu Qijiang, Zhou Yuyu, et al. A simple method to estimate crown cover fraction and rebuild the background information[J]. Journal of Image and Graphics, 2003, 8(11): 1304-1308.] |
| [30] | 李建军. 塔里木河流域胡杨林拯救行动及其重要意义[J]. 绿色科技, 2019, 16: 91-92. |
| [30] | [Li Jianjun. Rescue action of Populus euphratica forest in Tarim River Basin and its significance[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2019, 16: 91-92.] |
| [31] | 高生峰, 叶茂, 赵新风, 等. 极端干旱区淹灌对胡杨(Populus euphratica)长势的影响——以叶尔羌河中、下游为例[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2018, 37(增刊2): 29-35. |
| [31] | [Gao Shengfeng, Ye Mao, Zhao Xinfeng, et al. Analysis on the growth trend of Populus euphratica on Yarkant River after flood irrigation[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2018, 37(Suppl. 2): 29-35.] |
| [32] | 白元, 徐海量, 赵新风, 等. 河水漫溢对胡杨(Populus euphratica)分布格局的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(5): 1356-1362. |
| [32] | [Bai Yuan, Xu Hailiang, Zhao Xinfeng, et al. Influence of river flooding on the distribution pattern of Populus euphratica in the lower reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2013, 33(5): 1356-1362.] |
| [33] | Jiao A Y, Wang W Q, Ling H B, et al. Effect evaluation of ecological water conveyance in Tarim River Basin, China[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10: 1019695, doi: 0.3389/fenvs.2022.1019695. |
| [34] | Ling H B, Zhang P, Guo B et al. Negative feedback adjustment challenges reconstruction study from tree rings: A study case of response of Populus euphratica to river discontinuous flow and ecological water conveyance[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 574: 109-119. |
| [35] | 孙健. 关于塔里木河流域胡杨林生态补水的思考与建议[J]. 四川水利, 2021, 42(1): 92-94. |
| [35] | [Sun Jian. Thoughts and suggestions on ecological water replenishment of Populus euphratica forest in Tarim River Basin[J]. Sichuan Water Resources, 2021, 42(1): 92-94.] |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
