浑善达克沙地锦鸡儿属（Caragana）灌丛沙堆形态特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.05.24

Abstract

Abstract:

A shrub-coppice dune is a geomorphic form formed by the accumulation of wind-blown sand flow in arid, semi-arid, and semi humid desert areas. Shrub-coppice dunes play an important role in maintaining the grassland ecological function and land desertification. In this study, the Otindag Sandy Land in the Inner Mongolia Plateau of China, which is rich in eolian sand activities, was selected to better explain the indicative effect of shrub-coppice dunes on land desertification. The Otindag Sandy Land has large and small shrub-coppice dunes. The Caragana shrub is the most typical in the area. Accordingly, the Caragana shrub on sandy land with different desertification degrees (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, and serious) was selected for the field investigation and measurement of the shrub and sand indicators. The morphological characteristics, relationship between the shrub and sand morphological parameters, and influencing factors were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Consequently, first, we found that the size of the shrub-coppice dunes was different under different desertification degrees and became gradually smaller from serious, severe, and moderate desertification to mild desertification. The shapes of the shrub-coppice dunes on the mild-and moderate-desertification lands were similar to an ellipse in the plane vertical projection and to a semi-ellipsoid in space. Meanwhile, their shapes on the severe- and serious-desertification lands were irregular in the plane vertical projection. The main influencing factors may be related to the abundance of sand source. Second, the correlation coefficient between the morphological parameters of the Caragana shrub and sand on sandy land with different desertification degrees was found significant. In particular, the correlation coefficient between the morphological parameters of both on severe- and serious-desertification lands was higher. In general, the long and short axes and the shrub-coppice dune height cooperatively developed. Third, a power function relationship existed between the long and short axes and the height of the Caragana shrub under the mild-and moderate-desertification sandy land, which indicated a large room for development. The relationship between the long and short axes and the shrub-coppice dune height on severe-and serious-desertification sandy lands is a quadratic function. This indicates that the shrub-coppice dunes are mature, and the insufficient water supply of the root system can easily lead to the decline of shrubs. The appearance of shrub-coppice dunes is an important landscape sign in the desertification process. The shape of these dunes is closely related to the degree of desertification. However, different from previous studies on the morphological differences of shrub-coppice dunes under different evolution stages in arid and semi-arid areas, the relationship between the morphological characteristics of these dunes and the degree of desertification and the response of the dunes to different desertification degrees have not been clarified. This study links the development status of shrub-coppice dunes with desertification and provides a reference basis for the evaluation of the development stages of land desertification and evolution trend analysis.

Key words: Caragana, shrub-coppice dunes, morphological characteristics, Otindag Sandy Land

ZHI Ying,LIU Shulin,KANG Wenping,GUO Zichen,FENG Kun. Morphological characteristics of Caragana shrub-coppice dune in Otindag Sandy Land[J].Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(5): 1438-1448.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Morphological parameters of Caragana shrub-coppice dune"

沙漠化程度		$L p / cm$	$W p / cm$	$H p / cm$	$L d / cm$	$W d / cm$	$H d / cm$	$S d / c m 2$	$V d / 106 c m 3$
轻度	最大值	272.0	350.0	123.0	528.0	353.0	84.0	138068.28	4.658
	最小值	38.0	46.0	15.0	76.0	42.0	5.0	2803.87	0.018
	平均值	129.6	140.6	47.6	255.2	133.6	17.8	30961.50	0.494
	标准误差	51.2	62.2	23.1	109.3	60.8	12.0	27260.80	0.780
中度	最大值	376.0	374.0	175.0	766.0	355.0	64.0	203240.62	8.298
	最小值	80.0	83.0	29.0	145.0	64.0	12.0	7288.49	0.073
	平均值	194.0	196.5	67.6	383.9	187.6	34.8	64020.04	1.753
	标准误差	70.2	67.8	24.7	143.0	72.3	12.6	47834.7	1.823
重度	最大值	1160.0	1050.0	250.0	1500.0	1060.0	147.0	793940.00	30.434
	最小值	42.0	56.0	20.0	115.0	47.0	8.0	2702.50	0.014
	平均值	243.9	247.0	83.7	475.1	237.2	44.9	73374.22	1.865
	标准误差	148.2	144.9	39.9	255.0	152.6	27.4	116256.12	4.825
严重	最大值	762.0	802.0	303.0	2402.0	840.0	342.0	1008840.00	82.725
	最小值	66.0	75.0	27.0	101.0	66.0	10.0	4191.50	0.018
	平均值	215.5	221.1	85.3	452.3	215.1	51.0	68273.75	2.849
	标准误差	122.2	128.8	46.2	314.2	147.3	48.8	131806.33	10.851

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Correlation analysis of morphological parameters of Caragana shrub-coppice dune"

沙漠化程度	形态参数	$L p$	$W p$	$H p$	$L d$	$W d$	$H d$	$S d$	$V d$
轻度	$L p$	1.000
	$W p$	0.727^**	1.000
	$H p$	0.660^**	0.735^**	1.000
	$L d$	0.833^**	0.840^**	0.799^**	1.000
	$W d$	0.699^**	0.928^**	0.684^**	0.802^**	1.000
	$H d$	0.460^**	0.583^**	0.539^**	0.576^**	0.547^**	1.000
	$S d$	0.725^**	0.917^**	0.803^**	0.908^**	0.937^**	0.574^**	1.000
	$V d$	0.532^**	0.761^**	0.735^**	0.752^**	0.743^**	0.862^**	0.834^**	1.000
中度	$L p$	1.000
	$W p$	0.834^**	1.000
	$H p$	0.498^**	0.460^**	1.000
	$L d$	0.918^**	0.879^**	0.559^**	1.000
	$W d$	0.876^**	0.947^**	0.560^**	0.918^**	1.000
	$H d$	0.609^**	0.708^**	0.667^**	0.676^**	0.701^**	1.000
	$S d$	0.890^**	0.914^**	0.527^**	0.969^**	0.950^**	0.668^**	1.000
	$V d$	0.814^**	0.867^**	0.545^**	0.911^**	0.884^**	0.764^**	0.960^**	1.000
重度	$L p$	1.000
	$W p$	0.898^**	1.000
	$H p$	0.643^**	0.742^**	1.000
	$L d$	0.855^**	0.875^**	0.722^**	1.000
	$W d$	0.895^**	0.979^**	0.707^**	0.875^**	1.000
	$H d$	0.723^**	0.772^**	0.821^**	0.791^**	0.778^**	1.000
	$S d$	0.865^**	0.930^**	0.657^**	0.895^**	0.945^**	0.721^**	1.000
	$V d$	0.809^**	0.889^**	0.641^**	0.850^**	0.904^**	0.726^**	0.984^**	1.000
严重	$L p$	1.000
	$W p$	0.923^**	1.000
	$H p$	0.731^**	0.750^**	1.000
	$L d$	0.730^**	0.727^**	0.873^**	1.000
	$W d$	0.896^**	0.954^**	0.829^**	0.848^**	1.000
	$H d$	0.740^**	0.704^**	0.851^**	0.830^**	0.798^**	1.000
	$S d$	0.663^**	0.709^**	0.808^**	0.944^**	0.851^**	0.787^**	1.000
	$V d$	0.517^**	0.548^**	0.751^**	0.885^**	0.719^**	0.813^**	0.957^**	1.000

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

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沙漠化程度	样点编号	地貌景观	风沙活动特点	人为干扰程度	植物类型			盖度/%
沙漠化程度	样点编号	地貌景观	风沙活动特点	人为干扰程度	灌木层优势种	草本层优势种	草本层伴生种	盖度/%
轻度	13,14,15,16,17,26	缓起伏半固定沙丘或平缓灌丛退化草地,灌丛均匀分布	较弱	放牧干扰较为严重	小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）	冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）/戈壁天门冬（Asparagus gobicus）/苔草（Carex tristachya）/沙葱（Allium mongolicum）/针茅（Stipa capillata）/阿尔泰狗娃花（Heteropappus altaicu）	狭叶锦鸡儿（Caragana stenophylla）	20~35
中度	8,18,22,23,24,25	平坦灌丛沙堆地或缓起伏半固定灌丛沙地	中等强烈	轻-中度	小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）	针茅（Stipa capillata）/沙竹（Phyllostachys propinqua）/银灰旋花（Convolvulus ammannii）/冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）/戈壁天门冬（Asparagus gobicus）	砂蓝刺头（Echinops gmelini）/戈壁天门冬（Asparagus gobicus）/阿尔泰狗娃花（Heteropappus altaicu）	15~25
重度	1,2,3,5,11,19,20,21,27	多处于风沙口,沙源丰富,起伏半流动灌丛沙地景观	地表起沙强烈	轻度	小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）	沙竹（Phyllostachys propinqua）/骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）/针茅（Stipa capillata）/冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）	沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）	10~20
严重	4,6,7,9,10,12	典型平缓半流动沙丘,存在大风蚀坑,基岩出露地形	严重起沙	较少	小叶锦鸡儿（Caragana microphylla）	沙竹（Phyllostachys propinqua）/沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）	-	5~10

Morphological characteristics of Caragana shrub-coppice dune in Otindag Sandy Land

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