基于空天地一体化的黑河流域自然资源要素综合观测网络构建

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.603

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the demand for natural resource management in China, and adhering to natural resources science and earth system science theory, the national natural resource elements comprehensive observation network project has been active since 2020. This project takes environment types and natural resources localization as input and adheres to the working principles of innovation mechanism, coordination organization, green cooperation, open cooperation, and data sharing. As the second largest inland river basin in northwest China, the Heihe River Basin is at the core of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The resource and environmental problems in the basin are significant, and thus, there is an urgent need to carry out research in the Heihe River Basin. Cold and arid areas coexist in the basin; this basin has the typical characteristics in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the basin. This river basin represents an ideal site for comprehensive observation and research. Based on the current observation and research in the Heihe River Basin, 13 observation stations were set up in different river basins and levels by three ways of integration, reconstruction and upgrading, and new constructions in blank space. The main types of land surface use, such as grassland, forest, river, lake, desert, wetland, and farmland in the Heihe River Basin were basically covered. Combining remote sensing observations and artificial sample plot investigation, a comprehensive observation network of natural resource elements in Heihe River Basin is constructed in this work. By establishing a unified operation, maintenance, and quality management system, the authenticity and reliability of the observation data are ensured. The comprehensive observation network of natural resources elements in Heihe River Basin permits a three-dimensional observation capacity, which can effectively obtain the key data, such as the coupling process, change trends, and speed between resources. This is of great significance to the improvement of the scientific management and strategic decision making related to the natural resources in Heihe River Basin. The study also provides an important reference for further studies and demonstrates the significance of the observation of and research into natural resources in other basins.

Key words: Heihe River Basin, natural resources management, integrated observation of space-air-ground, field observation stations, comprehensive observation network

PEI Xiaolong,GAO Tiansheng,ZHU Xiaosong,HAN Xiaolong. Construction of comprehensive observation network of natural resource elements in Heihe River Basin based on integration of space-air-ground[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1450-1459.

Figures/Tables 12

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References 25

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研究单位	野外观测站（网）	台站位置	研究内容
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院、北京师范大学	黑河流域地表过程综合网	全流域	生态水文
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院	黑河上游生态-水文试验研究站	上游	生态水文
甘肃省祁连山水源涵养林研究院	甘肃祁连山森林生态系统定位研究站	上游	森林生态
兰州大学	兰州大学寒旱区科学观测网络（寺大隆、大野口野外观测站）	上游	生态水文
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院	甘肃临泽农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站	中游	农田生态
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院	黑河遥感试验研究站	中游	遥感
兰州大学	兰州大学寒旱区科学观测网络	中游	农田生态
中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院	阿拉善荒漠生态-水文试验站	下游	生态水文

序号	名称	级别	流域	海拔/m	下垫面类型	主要观测设备	建站模式
1	阿柔站	二级	上游	3033	亚高山草甸	EC、OMS、气象要素梯度、COSMOS、物候、土壤水分传感器网络、称重式雨雪量计	升级改建
2	大沙龙站	三级	上游	3739	沼泽化高寒草甸	EC、AWS	融合共建
3	寺大隆站	三级	上游	3034	青海云杉林	EC、AWS、红外相机观测阵列	融合共建
4	垭口站	三级	上游	4148	高山稀疏植被	EC、AWS、积雪观测系统	融合共建
5	景阳岭站	三级	上游	3750	高寒草甸	EC、AWS	融合共建
6	大满站	二级	中游	1556	农田	EC、OMS、气象要素梯度、COSMOS、物候、土壤水分和叶面积指数传感器网络	升级改建
7	花寨子站	三级	中游	1731	盐爪爪荒漠	EC、AWS	融合共建
8	张掖站	三级	中游	1460	芦苇湿地	EC、AWS	融合共建
9	金塔站	三级	中游	980	农田	EC、AWS、物候、土壤呼吸、蒸发	空白添建
10	四道桥站	二级	下游	873	柽柳灌丛	EC、LAS、气象要素梯度、COSMOS、物候、叶面积指数传感器网络、地下水位观测	升级改建
11	混合林站	三级	下游	874	胡杨疏林	EC、AWS、物候、叶面积指数传感器网络、地下水位观测	融合共建
12	荒漠站	三级	下游	1054	红砂荒漠	EC、AWS	融合共建
13	居延海站	三级	下游	788	湿地	EC、AWS、物候、地下水水质水量、蒸发	空白添建

台站类型	标准规范
气象观测站	《地面气象观测规范》
水文观测站	《水资源实时监控系统建设技术导则》《水资源监测设备技术要求》《水资源监测要素》
森林观测站	《森林生态系统定位研究站建设技术要求》《森林生态系统长期定位观测方法》
土壤观测站	《土壤环境监测技术规范》《农田土壤环境质量监测技术规范》《土壤监测规程》
湿地观测站	《湿地生态系统定位研究站建设技术要求》《湖泊湿地生态系统定位观测技术规范》
荒漠观测站	《荒漠生态系统观测研究站建设规范》《湿地生态系统定位研究站建设技术要求》
草地观测站	《草地生态系统观测方法》

类别	观测指标	观测方法
气候要素	地表通量（感热、潜热通量、碳通量）、风速、风向、空气温湿度、气压、四分量辐射（向上/下短波辐射,向上/下长波辐射）、光合有效辐射、红外温度、土壤温度廓线、土壤热通量、大气质量（负离子、干湿沉降）	台站观测
水文要素	降水量、地下水位、蒸散发、土壤水分、水质（pH、电导率、浊度等）、水体指数、冰川	台站观测、遥感观测、样地调查
植被要素	植被物候、覆盖度、叶面积指数、植被净初级生产力、森林蓄积量	台站观测、遥感观测、样地调查
土地/土壤要素	土地利用/覆盖、数字高程（DEM）、土壤质地（粒度组成、饱和导水率、孔隙度、容重等）、土壤肥力[土壤全碳含量、有机碳（腐殖质）、磷含量、氮含量、电导率、pH等]	遥感观测、样地调查

Construction of comprehensive observation network of natural resource elements in Heihe River Basin based on integration of space-air-ground

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