青藏高原东北部残积母质土壤发育过程研究——以青海湖北部宁夏剖面为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.492

Abstract

Abstract:

Residual parent materials are important in the Qinghai Lake area. However, research on the soil of plateau residual parent materials and age data are lacking at present, limiting the understanding of the evolution process of soils. Meanwhile, the study of residual parent soils (as important records of climate change) will strengthen the understanding of regional climate environment evolution. In this paper, a residual parent material profile was developed using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and the soil development degree was studied using the chemical index of alteration, Rb/Sr ratio, total organic carbon, and silt/clay ratio. The fluvial and lacustrine sediments and aeolian loess in the Qinghai Lake area were compared to analyze their sources using the ratios of Zr/Nb, K₂O/Al₂O₃, and TiO₂/Al₂O₃. The results show the following: (1) OSL dating results show that the soil in the profile NX has developed since the early Holocene. The age of the parent material at the bottom is 10.02±0.79 ka, whereas the upper soil is concentrated at 9.71-8.67 ka. The development time of the soil parent material is basically consistent with the wind sand activity period in the Qinghai Lake Basin. The parent material of the profile NX is the product of dry and cold climates. (2) Through a comparative analysis of provenance, the parent material at the bottom of the profile NX is formed by the in situ weathering of parent rock, whereas the upper part is developed by aeolian dust aggradation. The pedogenesis pattern is a mixed type of residual parent material and aeolian dust deposition. (3) The whole profile is in a weak chemical stage and a weak soil development degree, coinciding with the low chemical weathering degree and weak soil development under the background of cold and dry climates in the northeastern part of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

Key words: residual parent material, elemental geochemistry, pedogenesis process, the north of Qinghai Lake

XIE Liqian,E Chongyi,ZHAO Xia,LI Ping,ZHANG Jing,SUN Manping, Xianbaji. Pedogenesis process of residual parent material soil in the northeast Tibetan Plateau：Taking profile Ningxia in the north of Qinghai Lake as an example[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(4): 1146-1154.

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样品	深度 /cm	钍（Th）/μg·g^-1	铀（U）/μg·g^-1	钾（K）/%	环境剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	测片 /个	等效剂量 /Gy	年代 /ka
NX1	10	12.54±0.7	2.14±0.3	2.17±0.04	3.24±0.14	18	0.27±0.02	0.41±0.04
NX2	20	14.39±0.7	3.09±0.4	2.14±0.04	4.00±0.18	17	35.25±1.89	8.67±0.62
NX3	26	13.63±0.8	2.62±0.4	2.12±0.04	3.88±0.18	18	37.66±1.82	9.71±0.68
NX4	36	12.29±0.7	1.67±0.3	3.14±0.04	4.50±0.20	17	45.39±1.31	10.02±0.79

样品编号	深度/cm	机械组成/%			粉黏比
样品编号	深度/cm	砂（>63 μm）	粉砂（4~63 μm）	黏粒（<4 μm）	粉黏比
NX1-1	0~5	23.58	56.51	19.91	2.84
NX1-2	5~10	29.86	55.12	15.02	3.67
NX1-3	10~15	18.88	65.63	15.49	4.24
NX1-4	15~20	21.66	64.13	14.21	4.51
NX1-5	20~25	21.04	67.77	11.19	6.06
NX1-6	25~30	52.96	40.80	6.24	6.54
NX1-7	30~35	79.75	18.28	1.97	9.28
NX1-8	35~40	90.31	8.82	0.87	10.14

参数	NX1-1	NX1-2	NX1-3	NX1-4	NX1-5	NX1-6	NX1-7	NX1-8	NX5
SiO₂/%	61.76	64.83	68.92	68.36	70.34	70.65	70.89	75.64	76.29
Al₂O₃/%	12.44	12.68	12.67	13.29	13.09	13.10	13.13	12.15	11.75
Fe₂O₃/%	2.15	2.13	1.86	2.37	1.81	1.89	1.46	1.06	0.49
MgO/%	1.74	1.75	1.72	1.99	1.71	1.71	1.58	0.63	0.22
CaO/%	0.95	1.08	1.04	1.06	1.00	1.08	0.91	0.87	1.00
Na₂O/%	1.79	1.90	2.04	2.06	2.12	2.09	2.10	2.40	2.63
K₂O/%	2.75	2.78	2.83	2.78	3.07	3.14	3.47	4.28	5.91
MnO/%	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.01
P₂O₅/%	0.14	0.12	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.08	0.05	0.03	0.02
TiO₂/%	0.66	0.65	0.60	0.69	0.63	0.58	0.52	0.27	0.10
Rb/μg·g^-1	113.22	124.99	118.83	111.12	120.17	128.19	135.28	178.37	272.23
Sr/μg·g^-1	207.46	240.19	288.55	330.94	340.87	352.28	349.22	259.13	64.49
Zr/μg·g^-1	157.38	175.55	148.51	153.09	139.91	137.58	146.07	96.81	37.48
Nb/μg·g^-1	12.07	12.91	11.26	11.93	11.11	11.74	10.34	6.66	5.39
CIA	61.88	61.01	60.36	61.48	60.24	59.80	59.67	54.42	48.34
Rb/Sr	0.55	0.52	0.41	0.34	0.35	0.36	0.39	0.69	4.22
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.25	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.28	0.38	0.54
TiO₂/Al₂O₃	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.01
Zr/Nb	13.40	13.25	16.06	15.06	14.56	14.54	12.94	18.30	6.95
TOC/%	2.14	1.57	0.85	0.31	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.06	-

Pedogenesis process of residual parent material soil in the northeast Tibetan Plateau：Taking profile Ningxia in the north of Qinghai Lake as an example

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