东祁连山高寒草甸土壤理化性质对海拔和坡向的响应及其与植被特征的关系

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.528

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the response of physical and chemical properties of alpine meadow soil to altitude and their interconnection to vegetation characteristics, the alpine meadows in the eastern Qilian Mountain of China were chosen as the research object. The changes to seven altitudes and two soil nutrient content and ecological stoichiometric aspects in the alpine meadows and their interconnection with the vegetation were analyzed. The results demonstrated that (1) soil water content, electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), total potassium (TK), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) were affected. carbon-phosphorus ratio (C/P) and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio (N/P) appeared to increase first and then decreased with the increase in altitude. The soil bulk density, total phosphorus (TP), and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) decreased first and then increased. (2) At the same altitude, soil bulk density, AK, electrical conductivity, and TP were higher in the sunny aspect than in the shady aspect; soil moisture content, AP, C/P, and N/P were lower in the sunny aspect than in the shady aspect, and SOC, TN, AN, and C/N were lower in the sunny aspect under 3200 m than in the shady aspect. (3) The C/N, C/P, and N/P of the alpine meadow soils at different altitudes and aspects were between 14.55-38.13, 12.61-87.94, and 0.27-5.01. (4) Redundancy analysis revealed that soil bulk density, TN, and AP are the most important soil factors influencing the vegetation of alpine meadows. Cluster analysis discovered that the shady and sunny aspects at an altitude of 3200-3400 m were clustered together. Finally, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and ecological stoichiometry of the alpine meadows in the eastern Qilian Mountains changed regularly with altitude and aspect differentiation. Based on the N/P rate, soil nitrogen was the main constraint to alpine meadow productivity, which was severe in low and high-altitude areas. Based on cluster analysis, 3000 m and 3400 m were identified as the critical lines for change in vegetation and soil characteristics in this area, suggesting that altitude and aspect differentiation should be considered in alpine meadow management.

Key words: alpine meadow, altitude, aspect, ecological stoichiometry, redundancy analysis (RDA)

LI Qiang,HE Guoxing,WEN Tong,YANG Dongyang,ZHANG Degang,HAN Tianhu,PAN Dongrong,LIU Xiaoni. Response of soil physical and chemical properties to altitude and aspect of alpine meadow in the eastern Qilian Mountains and their relationships with vegetation characteristics[J].Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1559-1569.

Figures/Tables 7

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海拔/m	坡向	经纬度	优势植物	植被盖度/%
2800	阳坡	102°54′39″E,37°08′48″N	线叶嵩草、冷蒿	40~45
2800	阴坡	102°55′01″E,37°07′23″N	线叶嵩草、萎陵菜	60~65
3000	阳坡	102°46′59″E,37°12′36″N	线叶嵩草、甘肃棘豆、冷蒿	65~70
3000	阴坡	102°48′20″E,37°10′14″N	珠芽蓼、线叶嵩草、甘肃棘豆	80~85
3200	阳坡	102°44′39″E,37°13′39″N	线叶嵩草、黄花蒿	75~80
3200	阴坡	102°43′59″E,37°11′26″N	珠芽蓼、线叶嵩草、甘肃棘豆	90~95
3400	阳坡	102°31′42″E,37°15′54″N	线叶嵩草、珠芽蓼、甘肃棘豆	70~75
3400	阴坡	102°37′35″E,37°13′09″N	线叶嵩草、草地早熟禾、珠芽蓼	75~80
3600	阳坡	102°27′44″E,37°16′47″N	珠芽蓼、萎陵菜、香青	65~70
3600	阴坡	102°34′38″E,37°13′03″N	矮生嵩草、萎陵菜、珠芽蓼	75~80
3800	阳坡	102°25′52″E,37°17′38″N	矮生嵩草、珠芽蓼	55~60
3800	阴坡	102°32′45″E,37°12′57″N	矮生嵩草、萎陵菜、珠芽蓼	60~65
4000	阳坡	102°26′30″E,37°17′54″N	红景天、矮生嵩草	20~25
4000	阴坡	102°32′18″E,37°06′07″N	红景天、矮生嵩草	15~20

海拔/m	植被盖度/%		草层高度/cm		地上生物量/g·m^-2
海拔/m	阳坡	阴坡	阳坡	阴坡	阳坡	阴坡
2800	46.67±2.89Bd	66.67±2.89Ad	7.07±0.57Bc	8.11±0.57Ac	106.67±14.10Bc	142.13±18.11Ac
3000	70.00±2.89Bb	83.33±5.00Ab	8.95±0.51Ab	9.88±0.76Ab	186.67±13.28Bb	219.47±15.56Ab
3200	80.00±5.00Ba	96.67±2.89Aa	11.19±0.48Ba	13.04±0.56Aa	214.13±21.09Ba	307.60±32.56Aa
3400	73.33±2.89Bb	80.00±2.89Abc	7.40±0.25Bc	9.70±0.49Ab	177.47±13.86Bb	200.27±14.62Ab
3600	70.00±5.00Ab	75.00±2.89Ac	5.40±0.59Bd	7.77±0.51Ac	113.74±9.23Bc	150.80±7.08Ac
3800	60.00±2.89Ac	65.00±2.89Ad	4.68±0.19Be	6.96±1.06Ac	70.14±8.52Ad	78.934±15.60Ad
4000	25.00±5.00Ae	20.00±1.15Ae	3.66±0.08Bf	4.06±0.48Ad	56.14±21.53Ad	66.00±17.21Ad
海拔×坡向	*		NS		*

Response of soil physical and chemical properties to altitude and aspect of alpine meadow in the eastern Qilian Mountains and their relationships with vegetation characteristics

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