Abstract: On the insights of the water volume characteristics of the Alar,Ying Baza and Qiala river sections on the mainstream of Tarim River from 1957 to 2017,the paper first analyzed the water consumption characteristics of the upper,middle and the lower reaches of the mainstream.Then according to the timeline of river sections and water transport,the water consumption characteristics were further probed in three periods(from 1957 to 1972,from 1973 to 2000,from 2001 to 2017). From the view of the macro-management, a reasonable water resources allocation strategy for the upper,middle and the lower reaches of the mainstream was put forth based on the change of those historical data.Besides,on the fact that the mainstream of the Tarim River has been set as the ecological river explicitly by the government of Xinjiang,the paper proposed three fundamental problems in the delicacy management of water resources allocation of the mainstream in the future, which are the uncertainty of the cultivated area,the uncertainty of the ecological and agricultural water consumption,and the deviation of the hydrological data; and pointed out the background and the reasons of those problems.Furthermore,the solutions of those problems were suggested in accordance with water resource management of river basin.The paper also pointed out that to have a clear sense of the current problems is the key to improve the ecology and environment of the river basin.The discussion of the issues could arouse more rational attention to drive the improvement of delicacy management for the ecology and environment of the Tarim River Basin.

Key words: mainstream of Tarim River, water resource allocation, cultivated area, ecological water consumption, ecological river