Abstract: Based on the daily rainfall data of 96 meteorological sites in Shaanxi Province whose sequence is completed. The rainfall erosivity mode was used to calculate the rainfall erosivity of Shaanxi.（This mode was set up on the basis of daily rainfall and proposed by Zhang Wenbo.）The spatial distribution map was drawn of erosive rainfall （ER）and rainfall erosivity（RE）with the aid of GIS tools and the inverse distance weighted interpolation method. This paper analyzed both the spatial distribution characteristics of yearly and four-seasonal ER and RE，and annual variation characteristics. The results show as follows：（1）There are significant differences of average annual erosion rainfall，the erosive rainfall of northern Shaanxi is least about 279.3 mm，the second is Guanzhong region about 366.4 mm，the largest erosion is in southern Shaanxi region about 589.1 mm. The change of average annual rainfall
erosivity is between 781.6-7 690，the average annual rainfall erosivity of southern Shaanxi region is most about 3 499，the second is Guanzhong region about 1 881，the least rainfall erosivity is in northern shaanxi about 1 471.4. The spatial distribution of erosive rainfall is consistent with rainfall erosivity in Shaanxi Province，they all show decreasing trend from the south to the north，rainfall erosivity is extremely significant with rainfall and erosive rainfall.
（2）Rainfall erosivities have high concentration in a year；they are large in summer and autumn，small in winter and spring. In northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong region，the largest rainfall erosivitis are in August，respectively account for 35.7% and 27.6%，the rainfall erosivities from July to September respectively account for 78.6% and 72% . In southern Shaanxi，the largest rainfall erosivity is in July，accounts for 28.6%，the rainfall erosivities from July to September and from May to October respectively account for 68.9% and 94.7%. Thus it can be found that the soil and water loss is mainly concentrated from July to September in northern Shaanxi and Guanzhong region，but it is possible to occur large soil erosion from May to October in southern Shaanxi，the risk of erosion is increasing progressively from the north to the south.（3）The interannual change of rainfall erosivity in Shaanxi Province is very obvious，the Cv value is in 33.1%-77.3%，the differences and fluctuation degree of annual rainfall erosivity in different regions are all relatively large；Cv of rainfall erosivity in north region is larger than that in south region. The Cv value of southern Shaanxi is relatively small，the second is in Guanzhong region，and the larger is in northern Shaanxi. The maximum rainfall erosion in Fugu is 5 303.7 ，about up to 30.8 times the minimum rainfall erosion.

Key words: daily precipitation, erosive rainfall, rainfall erosivity, interannual variability, spatial and temporal characteristics