Abstract: Based on the sporo-pollen works of the last 10 years in Xinjiang, main sporo-pollen types and sporo-pollen assemblage pattern presented in the Quaternary stratum are summa- rized in this paper. There are 7 sporo-pollen types representing the Quatermaty vegetation, which are coniferous forest and forest steppe, plain valley-forest, steppe, desert-steppe, desert, subhigh mountain meadow, lowland meadow. During Quatenary period, climate is arid and semi-arid in the main basins of southern and northern Xinjiang. Vegetational form of the flatland are mainly desert, desert-steppe, steppe, lowland meadow, and a few plain valley forest. Altai Mountain, Tianshan Mountain and Kunlun Mountain are ＂wet island＂, and vegetational forms are mainly coniferous forest, steppe and meadow. Accoding to the distributing characteristics of present-uay vegetation, the change of climate and vegetation is discussed in this paper. The paper also suggested that the flatlands vegetation are different from the eastern China. It is mainly pattern that the cold period is relatively humidity and warm period is relatively arid on the flatlands and the basins. But it is not so at the mountains. The coniferous forest is extensive at the mountains in the warm period of Holocene.
The importance of Goosefoot Family and Sagebrush pollen on the classification of sporo-pollen assemblage is discussed. The sporo-pollen assemblage marked by predominant Goosefoot Family pollen represents desert, the sporo-pollen assemblage marked by predom- inant Sagebrush pollen represents desert-steppe or steppe.