Abstract: Shaksgam Valley is the largest tributary in Yarkand River. The neotectonic movement in Shaksgam Valley is rather strong, which formed high mountain and deep valley, and the largest difference between them is about 4500 m .The ancient glaciation is very developed：the Early Pleistocene till is distributed in Tue-Fen Shan which is 1000-1100 m high, above the river bed；middle Pleistocene till is in Ma-an Shan, which is 500-600 m high above river bed； There are two period glaciations in Late pleistocene, and the till which has a heisht about 200-300 m high above river bed are distributed in two banks of Shakgam Valley；the till of little Ice age is about 10-13 km away from modern glacier.the modern glaciation is also developed.but now, the snowline is going up, and the thickness of modern glacier is going down, which makes the glacier outburst flood decreases.