塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘近地层风温湿廓线与能量交换特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.445

Abstract

Abstract:

The southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert of China belongs to the desert-oasis ecological transition zone, and the temporal and spatial changes in land surface properties are significant. The underlying surface properties and hydrothermal characteristics are unique. Therefore, it is of great significance to investigate the characteristics of micrometeorological elements in this region for future climate change. Based on meteorological element data measured through the land-atmosphere interaction observatory on the northern side of the Tibetan Plateau in 2022, the wind, temperature, and humidity profile structure, radiation flux, and energy exchange characteristics of the ecological transition zone on the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert were analyzed. The results show the following: (1) The wind speed, temperature, and specific humidity of the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert change significantly with increasing altitude, and the temperature and specific humidity profiles of the inversion and humidity inversions occur in the temperature and specific humidity profiles, the heights of the inversion layer and the inversion humidity layer reach 30 m, the maximum average wind speed occurs in spring at 6.23 m·s⁻¹, and the maximum average temperature and specific humidity are 28.93 ℃ and 6.36 g·kg⁻¹ in summer, respectively. (2) The surface radiation balance of the four seasons is mainly positive, and there are differences in the peak size and occurrence time of each radiation component, among which downward shortwave radiation is affected by sand and dust weather, which is manifested in spring>autumn>summer>winter. The surface albedo was negatively correlated with the solar altitude angle and soil moisture, with an annual average of 0.326, with the highest in December (0.366) and the lowest in August (0.297). (3) Sensible heat, soil heat flux, and net radiation changed significantly in the four seasons; the latent heat changed steadily, fluctuating up and down with 0 W·m⁻² as the center, and the energy consumption was dominated by sensible heat. The energy closure rates of the four seasons were 76%, 82%, 53%, and 48%, respectively, which were manifested in summer>spring>autumn>winter. (4) The effective energy varies significantly in the four seasons, with positive values during the day and heat sources on the ground, indicating that the ground transports heat to the atmosphere, whereas, at night, it is the opposite, exhibiting spring>summer>autumn>winter. These findings can provide a scientific basis for the parameterization of land surface processes in the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the future and improve the understanding of land surface processes in this area.

Key words: ecological transition zone, wind temperature and humidity profile, radiation balance, energy exchange

FU Guangxiang, HE Qing, WANG Yonghui, MA Mingjie, YIN Lulu, ZHANG Qian. Characteristics of wind, temperature, humidity profiles and energy exchange in the surface layer in the southern edge of Taklimakan Desert[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(1): 68-80.

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系统名称	观测要素	型号	生产厂家/国家	观测高度/m
梯度观测系统	风、温、湿	HMP45C	VAISALA/芬兰	0.5、1、2、4、10、20、32
涡动观测系统	感热、潜热	IRGASON	Campbell/美国	10
	三维风速	CSAT3A/B	Campbell/美国	10
辐射观测系统	四辐射分量	NR-01	Kipp&Zonen/荷兰	1.5
	土壤热通量	HFP01	Hukeflux/荷兰	-0.02、-0.05、-0.1、-0.2、-0.4、-0.8

月份	日期（年-月-日）	降雨量/mm
1	-	0.0
2	2022-02-06	0.3
3	-	0.0
4	2022-04-15	1.2
5	2022-05-22、2022-05-24、2022-05-25、2022-05-27、2022-05-29	2.9
6	2022-06-10、2022-06-19、2022-06-20	6.6
7	2022-07-14、2022-07-15、2022-07-31	5.8
8	2022-08-01、2022-08-02、2022-08-09、2022-08-13、2022-08-17	3.8
9	2022-09-01、2022-09-25	0.4
10	-	0.0
11	-	0.0
12	2022-12-16、2022-12-30	0.2
总计	-	21.2

地区	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘	846.3	714.9	716.5	543.2
塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地	787.2	822.7	687.7	506.0
鼎新戈壁	759.0	828.0	664.0	521.0
青藏高原改则	902.3	906.4	700.3	608.2
青藏高原狮泉河	904.5	980.3	700.6	623.4

Characteristics of wind, temperature, humidity profiles and energy exchange in the surface layer in the southern edge of Taklimakan Desert

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