水氮耦合对河西灌区滴灌西瓜NH3和N2O排放的影响

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Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on NH₃ and N₂O emissions from drip-irrigated watermelon in the Hexi irrigation area

Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on NH3 and N2O emissions from drip-irrigated watermelon in the Hexi irrigation area

Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on NH₃ and N₂O emissions from drip-irrigated watermelon in the Hexi irrigation area

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.377

Abstract:

NH₃ and N₂O emissions constitute the primary pathways of gaseous loss of nitrogen. Investigating the effects of differential water and nitrogen application rates under plastic-mulched drip irrigation on gaseous nitrogen losses is crucial for developing scientifically informed water-fertilizer management strategies in watermelon production systems within the Hexi irrigation area in Gansu Province of China. Therefore, in this two-year field study, the experiment adopted a split-plot design, with main plots comprising three irrigation thresholds set at 80% (I80), 65% (I65), and 50% (I50) of field capacity, while maintaining a uniform upper irrigation limit at 95% of field capacity. Subplot treatments consisted of four nitrogen application rates: 0 kg·hm^-2 (N0), 100 kg·hm^-2 (N100), 200 kg·hm^-2 (N200), and 300 kg·hm^-2 (N300), on watermelon production under drip irrigation with a plastic mulch system. The experiment used aeration and static chamber-gas chromatography methods, the study analyzed soil NH₃ and N₂O emission dynamics, watermelon yield, and quality across treatments. The results showed that: (1) Soil nitrogen gas emissions are jointly affected by water and nitrogen. NH₃ and N₂O emissions reached their peaks 1-2 days after the application of base fertilizer and lasted for 5-7 days. The cumulative emissions were the highest in the seedling stage, accounting for 33.33% and 47.22% of the total growth period, respectively. The cumulative emissions of NH₃ and N₂O throughout the growth period were 3.05-15.39 kg·hm^-2 and 0.51-2.00 kg·hm^-2, respectively. (2) Increasing water and nitrogen supply rates will promote NH₃ and N₂O emissions. The effect of nitrogen is greater than that of irrigation. Under I80 conditions, the cumulative emissions of NH₃ and N₂O increased by 63.86%-285.48% and 120.41%-308.82%, respectively, when more nitrogen fertilizer was applied. (3) The nitrogen utilization rate of treatment I65N200 reached 32.62%, which was significantly higher than that of treatment I80N300. The yield and soluble solids content were 70159 kg·hm^-2 and 11.39%, respectively, which were not significantly different from treatment I80N300. Considering yield, quality, and nitrogen utilization rate comprehensively, when the soil moisture content is controlled between 65% and 95% of the maximum field capacity in watermelon subsurface drip irrigation and the nitrogen application level is optimized to 200 kg·hm^-2, high yield and quality can be maintained in watermelon systems within the Hexi irrigation area. This plastic-mulched drip irrigation strategy ensures yield-quality preservation while effectively mitigating NH₃ and N₂O emissions.

Key words: watermelon, drip irrigation, water-nitrogen coupling, NH₃ emission, N₂O emission

XUE Liang, MA Zhongming, ZHAO Anyu, LUO Shuanglong, XUE Lian, Muhammad Ali RAZA. Effects of water-nitrogen coupling on NH₃ and N₂O emissions from drip-irrigated watermelon in the Hexi irrigation area[J].Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(5): 801-811.

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土层/cm	pH	容重/g·cm^-3	有机质/g·kg^-1	全氮/g·kg^-1	硝态氮/mg·kg^-1	速效磷/mg·kg^-1	速效钾/mg·kg^-1
0~20	8.41	1.44	4.32	0.74	9.09	38.25	114.77
20~40	8.18	1.49	6.58	0.60	7.73	29.08	123.91
40~60	8.29	1.48	5.36	0.54	8.26	35.94	104.38
60~80	8.11	1.51	5.88	0.55	10.89	32.70	116.50
80~100	8.25	1.45	5.95	0.49	9.86	34.28	127.85

灌水下限	施氮量/kg∙hm^-2	灌溉次数/次	总灌水量/m³∙hm^-2	单次平均灌水量/m³∙hm^-2
田间持水量的50%（I50）	0（N0）	8	1081	135.15
	100（N100）	8	1081	135.15
	200（N200）	8	1081	135.15
	300（N300）	8	1081	135.15
田间持水量的65%（I65）	0（N0）	12	1345	112.80
	100（N100）	12	1345	112.80
	200（N200）	12	1345	112.80
	300（N300）	2	1345	112.80
田间持水量的80%（I80）	0（N0）	20	1746	87.30
	100（N100）	20	1746	87.30
	200（N200）	20	1746	87.30
	300（N300）	20	1746	87.30

处理		苗期		伸蔓期		结果期		膨大期		全生育期
处理		累积排放量/kg∙hm^-2	损失率/%	累积排放量/kg∙hm^-2	损失率/%	累积排放量/kg∙hm^-2	损失率/%	累积排放量/kg∙hm^-2	损失率/%	累积排放量/kg∙hm^-2	损失率/%
I50	N0	1.26±0.05c	-	0.73±0.07c	-	1.03±0.07bc	-	0.03±0.01c	-	3.05±0.09d	-
	N100	1.96±0.09b	1.39±0.15b	1.00±0.12b	0.54±0.10b	1.52±0.09b	0.66±0.05ab	0.14±0.03b	0.11±0.03a	4.62±0.24c	1.56±0.16c
	N200	3.08±0.10a	1.82±0.05a	1.29±0.10b	0.56±0.03b	1.77±0.13b	0.49±0.09b	0.17±0.03ab	0.07±0.01ab	6.31±0.16b	1.63±0.06ab
	N300	3.77±0.28a	1.67±0.22ab	1.95±0.10a	0.81±0.11a	2.66±0.24a	0.72±0.12a	0.21±0.06a	0.06±0.02b	8.59±0.47a	1.85±0.16a
I65	N0	1.16±0.10d	-	1.00±0.12c	-	0.96±0.10c	-	0.04±0.01c	-	3.15±0.14d	-
	N100	2.69±0.12c	3.07±0.04a	1.36c±0.08	0.72±0.19c	1.97±0.20b	1.34±0.15a	0.17±0.02b	0.13±0.01a	6.18±0.26c	3.03±0.20a
	N200	3.51±0.17b	2.35±0.13c	2.11±0.06b	1.11±0.17b	2.40±0.14b	0.96±0.12b	0.34±0.08ab	0.15±0.04a	8.36±0.25b	2.60±0.07b
	N300	5.11±0.23a	2.64±0.12b	3.99±0.18a	1.99±0.18a	3.43±0.19a	1.10±0.04b	0.44±0.06a	0.13±0.01a	12.96±0.58a	3.27±0.15a
I80	N0	1.71±0.12d	-	1.26±0.07c	-	0.92±0.08c	-	0.10±0.04c	-	3.99±0.16d	-
	N100	2.94±0.15c	2.46±0.33c	1.89±0.09c	1.25±0.31b	1.44±0.13b	0.69±0.15b	0.28±0.04b	0.18±0.07a	6.54±0.38c	2.55±0.37b
	N200	4.95±0.37b	3.25±0.33a	3.51±0.17b	2.24±0.22a	1.70±0.14b	0.52±0.09b	0.42±0.05ab	0.16±0.04a	10.59±0.65b	3.30±0.31a
	N300	6.10±0.31a	2.93±0.13ab	5.01±0.19a	2.50±0.17a	3.72±0.19a	1.24±0.07a	0.56±0.09a	0.15±0.02a	15.39±0.68a	3.80±0.18a

处理		苗期/kg·hm^-2	伸蔓期/kg·hm^-2	结果期/kg·hm^-2	膨大期/kg·hm^-2	全生育期/kg·hm^-2
I50	N0	0.18±0.03c	0.11±0.02b	0.09±0.02c	0.14±0.03b	0.51±0.08c
	N100	0.29±0.04c	0.18±0.03b	0.17±0.03bc	0.20±0.03b	0.83±0.02bc
	N200	0.69±0.08b	0.16±0.01b	0.20±0.02b	0.21±0.03b	1.26±0.06b
	N300	0.91±0.10a	0.29±0.04a	0.33±0.04a	0.30±0.06a	1.82±0.11a
I65	N0	0.16±0.03d	0.14±0.02b	0.15±0.02c	0.14±0.01c	0.59±0.05d
	N100	0.45±0.06c	0.13±0.02b	0.17±0.04bc	0.24±0.05b	0.99±0.10c
	N200	0.75±0.12b	0.25±0.02a	0.27±0.04ab	0.24±0.03b	1.51±0.03b
	N300	1.02±0.09a	0.27±0.06a	0.31±0.07a	0.38±0.05a	1.97±0.26a
I80	N0	0.14±0.02d	0.13±0.02b	0.13±0.02b	0.10±0.03d	0.49±0.08d
	N100	0.49±0.06c	0.23±0.04a	0.19±0.03b	0.18±0.03c	1.08±0.13c
	N200	0.84±0.06b	0.22±0.04a	0.26±0.07a	0.28±0.04b	1.59±0.18b
	N300	1.02±0.14a	0.25±0.08a	0.31±0.06a	0.42±0.04a	2.00±0.19a
F值	灌水下限（I）	6.47	17.90^*	1.51	6.90	3.43
	施氮量（N）	110.94^**	20.73^**	23.53^**	82.67^**	77.05^**
	I×N	1.47	1.93	0.36	4.19^*	0.59

处理		商品瓜产量/kg∙hm^-2	可溶性固形物/%	氮素吸收/kg∙hm^-2	氮肥利用率/%
I50	N0	53749±554b	10.19±0.62c	60.50±4.58c	-
	N100	53656±1399b	10.68±0.67b	88.88±8.01b	28.39±4.90a
	N200	58447±576ab	11.00±0.57a	102.95±4.40ab	21.23±2.43b
	N300	61882±2789a	11.08±0.12a	113.37±4.97a	17.62±0.69b
I65	N0	59704±2198c	10.44±0.80c	62.44±4.48c	-
	N100	64561±1085b	11.20±0.82b	103.15±5.67b	40.71±1.50a
	N200	70159±2740a	11.39±0.62a	127.69±7.29a	32.62±1.43b
	N300	68640±1972ab	11.43±0.67a	128.30±9.50a	21.95±1.98c
I80	N0	63382±1523c	10.17±0.40b	78.54±5.11c	-
	N100	65256±1788b	11.30±0.56ab	123.65±4.22b	45.12±3.81a
	N200	71448±1500a	11.47±0.54a	130.19±7.63ab	25.83±1.87b
	N300	67198±2483ab	11.47±0.42a	135.34±4.77a	18.93±1.88c
F值	灌水下限（I）	10.14^**	4.66^*	41.25^**	443.24^*
	施氮量（N）	7.86^**	9.64^**	135.64^**	1580.64^**
	I×N	3.75^*	1.43	7.13^*	58.78^*

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Just accepted

Online first

Just accepted

Online first