哈密市峡沟水库中小洪水特征及气象成因

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.646

Abstract

Abstract:

Using water regime data from Xiagou Reservoir and Yiwu Hydrological Station in Yiwu County, Hami City, Xinjiang, China alongside hourly precipitation observations from five automatic weather stations in the reservoir’s upstream basin, routine upper-air observations, and NCEP reanalysis data, this study analyzed the hydrological characteristics and precipitation features of eight medium and small flood events at Xiagou Reservoir during 2015—2022. The findings are as follows: (1) Upstream-type floods exhibit peak durations within 10 hours, with concentrated flood volumes and stable rising and falling stages. In contrast, downstream-type floods rise rapidly and have peak durations exceeding 10 h. While the average rainfall and maximum hourly rainfall intensity of upstream-type flood-inducing heavy precipitation are lower than those of downstream-type, and the average rainfall duration is longer. The flood peak durations exceeding the blue warning threshold are shorter for upstream-type floods, and their corresponding maximum peak discharge, highest water level, and reservoir storage increase are significantly less than those of downstream-type floods. (2) A positive correlation exists between the peak discharge at Yiwu Hydrological Station and maximum rainfall during different time periods within the basin above the reservoir. The peak discharge shows the strongest correlation with maximum 3-hour precipitation at upstream meteorological stations and maximum 6-hour precipitation at downstream meteorological stations. (3) During downstream-type flood-inducing heavy precipitation, the 100 hPa South Asian High adopts a double-lobed structure, with the Central Asian long-wave trough and 500 hPa low trough positioned further south compared to upstream-type floods, while the subtropical high is located further north. Specific humidity between 700 hPa and 500 hPa, the 700 hPa moisture flux and vorticity, and the pseudo-equivalent potential temperature between 700 hPa and 500 hPa are higher during downstream-type flood-inducing heavy precipitation, serving as favorable indicators for forecasting such events. This study provides insights into the distinct characteristics of upstream- and downstream-type floods and offers valuable indicators for forecasting flood-inducing heavy precipitation.

Key words: Xiagou Reservoir, flood characteristics, circulation features, peak discharge

BAI Songzhu, GUAN Qing, JIANG Yuan’an, LUAN Yarui, ZHANG Jun. Characteristics and meteorological causes of medium and small floods in Xiagou Reservoir of Hami City[J].Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(12): 2115-2123.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Fig. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 3

Tab. 4

References 38

[1]	中华人民共和国水利部, 中华人民共和国国家统计局. 第一次全国水利普查公报[M]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2013: 53-57.
	[Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China, National Bureau of Statistics. Bulletin of the first national water resources census[M]. Beijing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press, 2013: 53-57.]
[2]	Alexander L V, Zhang X, Peterson T C, et al. Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2006, 111(D5): D05109, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006290.
[3]	甘容, 李丹丹, 杨峰, 等. 1952—2017年出山店水库上游降水时空变化[J]. 水土保持研究, 2022, 29(4): 150-158.
	[Gan Rong, Li Dandan, Yang Feng, et al. Spatiotemporal variation of precipitation in upper upstream of Chushandian Reservoir from 1952 to 2017[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 29(4): 150-158.]
[4]	岳树鹏. 1959—2018年大伙房水库流域旱涝急转特征分析[J]. 人民珠江, 2019, 40(6): 46-53.
	[Yue Shupeng. Analysis of drought-flood abrupt alternation in Dahuofang Reservior Basin during 1959—2018[J]. Pearl River, 2019, 40(6): 46-53.]
[5]	王必新, 刘帆, 杨丽. 三峡水库2012年最大暴雨洪水组合特性研究[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 10(22): 29-31.
	[Wang Bixin, Liu Fan, Yang Li. Analysis the characteristics of the largest storm-flood combination of Three Gorges Reservoir in 2012[J]. Journal of Yangtze University (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 10(22): 29-31.]
[6]	宋铁燕, 陈莹, 雷享勇, 等. 山美水库流域极端降水时空变化及非平稳性特征[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2022, 20(2): 327-337.
	[Song Tieyan, Chen Ying, Lei Xiangyong, et al. Temporal and spatial variation and non-stationary characteristics of extreme precipitation in the Shanmei Reservoir Basin[J]. South-to-North Water Science & Technology, 2022, 20(2): 327-337.]
[7]	张灵, 张俊, 杜良敏, 等. 长江上游降水对三峡水库蓄水关键月入库流量的影响[J]. 地理科学进展, 2020, 39(7): 1117-1125. doi: 10.18306/dlkxjz.2020.07.005
	[Zhang Ling, Zhang Jun, Du Liangmin, et al. Influences of precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River on the key monthly inflow of the Three Gorges Reservior[J]. Progress in Geography, 2020, 39(7): 1117-1125.]
[8]	杨特群, 饶素秋, 廖春花, 等. 皂市水库入库流量预报初探[J]. 水利科技与经济, 2017, 23(11): 58-62.
	[Yang Tequn, Rao Suqiu, Liao Chunhua, et al. Preliminary study on reservoir inflow forecast of Zaoshi Reservoir[J]. Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy, 2017, 23(11): 58-62.]
[9]	刘世军, 刘祥, 杨特群, 等. 溇水流域降水特征及上游降水对江垭水库来水量影响[J]. 水利科技与经济, 2020, 26(2): 1-8.
	[Liu Shijun, Liu Xiang, Yang Tequn, et al. Precipitation characteristics of Lou-River Basin and the influence of upstream precipitation on the inflow of Jiangya Reservoir[J]. Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy, 2020, 26(2): 1-8.]
[10]	秦鹏程, 刘敏, 肖莺, 等. 丹江口水库入库水量与气象因子的响应及其预测[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2018, 27(3): 638-647.
	[Qin Pengcheng, Liu Min, Xiao Ying, et al. Response of Danjiangkou Reservoir inflow to meteorological factors and forecasting[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2018, 27(3): 638-647.]
[11]	卢珊, 李建科, 张宏芳, 等. 安康及石泉水库入库流量变化特征及汛期预测[J]. 陕西气象, 2019(2): 28-33.
	[Lu Shan, Li Jianke, Zhang Hongfang, et al. Characteristics of inflow and flood season forecast of Ankang and Shiquan Reservoirs[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Meteorology, 2019(2): 28-33.]
[12]	米楚阳, 顾雪, 卿湘涛, 等. 长潭岗水库汛期日平均进库流量预报模型设计[J]. 中低纬山地气象, 2023, 47(3): 30-37.
	[Mi Chuyang, Gu Xue, Qin Xiangtao, et al. Design of dailu average inflow forecast model of Changtangang Reservoir in flood season[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Meteorology, 2023, 47(3): 30-37.]
[13]	王朋朋, 薛思佳, 易永力, 等. 潘家口水库上游面雨量气候特征及入库水量预测模型探究[J]. 海河水利, 2021(4): 39-44.
	[Wang Pengpeng, Xue Sijia, Yi Yongli, et al. Study on the climatic characteristics of areal rainfall and the inflow forecast model of the upper reaches of Panjiakou Reservoir[J]. Haihe Water Resources, 2021(4): 39-44.]
[14]	狄静月, 许凤雯, 包红军, 等. 引发山洪的降水特征及动态阈值研究[J]. 暴雨灾害, 2021, 40(6):655-663.
	[Di Jingyue, Xu Fengwen, Bao Hongjun, et al. Research on precipitation characteristics and dynamic critical thresholds of flash flood disasters[J]. Torrential Rain and Disasters, 2021, 40(6): 655-663.]
[15]	井喜, 井宇, 陈闯, 等. 黄土高原中β尺度致洪暴雨特征及成因[J]. 气象, 2014, 40(10): 1183-1193.
	[Jing Xi, Jing Yu, Chen Chuang, et al. Characterisrics and causes of meso-β scale flood-causing rainstorm on Loess Plateau[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2014, 40(10): 1183-1193.]
[16]	张尾兰, 蒋宗孝, 廖才科. 闽西北两次致洪暴雨成因对比分析[J]. 气象科技, 2012, 40(4): 606-611.
	[Zhang Weilan, Jiang Zongxiao, Liao Caike. Comparative analysis of cause of two flood-inducing rainstorms over northwestern Fujian[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology, 2012, 40(4): 606-611.]
[17]	张芳, 张芳华, 张恒德, 等. 长江中下游一次暖区极端致洪暴雨特征及天气学成因分析[J]. 河海大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(5): 16-24.
	[Zhang Fang, Zhang Fanghua, Zhang Hengde, et al. Characteristics and sunoptic causes of the extreme warm-region flood-causing rainfall over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 50(5):16-24.]
[18]	吴德斌. 新疆小型水库安全管理存在的问题与对策[J]. 山西水利, 2019(5): 49-51.
	[Wu Debin. Problems and countermeasures in safety management of small reservoirs in Xinjiang[J]. Shanxi Water Conservancy, 2019(5): 49-51.]
[19]	吴江涛. 新疆哈密伊吾河流域洪水特性分析[J]. 地下水, 2021, 43(1): 172-173.
	[Wu Jiangtao. Analysis on flood characteristics of Yiwu River Basin in Hami in Xinjiang[J]. Ground Water, 2021, 43(1): 172-173.]
[20]	雷晓云, 赵以琴, 沈志伟. 新疆平原拦河水库溃坝洪水演进的数值模拟计算[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2003, 22(4): 46-49.
	[Lei Xiaoyun, Zhao Yiqin, Shen Zhiwei. Mathematical simulation calculation for dam-routed flood of plain river-weir reservoir in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2003, 22(4): 46-49.]
[21]	闫晓梅, 赵艳涛, 张磊. 新疆克孜尔水库入库洪水特性分析[J]. 水利建设与管理, 2013(2): 68-71.
	[Yan Xiaomei, Zhao Yantao, Zhang Lei. Analysis on flood characteristics of Kizil Reservoir in Xinjiang[J]. Construction and Management of Water Conservancy, 2013(2): 68-71.]
[22]	张俊岚, 毛炜峄, 王金民, 等. 渭干河流域暴雨融雪型洪水预报服务新技术研究[J]. 气象, 2004, 30(3): 12-16.
	[Zhang Junlan, Mao Weiyi, Wang Jinmin, et al. A new technique of forecast and service of heavy rainfall and snow-melted flood in Weigan River area[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2004, 30(3): 12-16.]
[23]	陈亚宁, 张家宝, 安鸿志, 等. 新疆1996年7月洪水灾害成因分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 1997, 6(3): 48-55.
	[Chen Yaning, Zhang Jiabao, An Hongzhi, et al. Analysis on the cause of flood disaster in July, 1996 in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 1997, 6(3): 48-55.]
[24]	汤世珍. 新疆乌苏市“2001·7”暴雨洪水分析[J]. 水文, 2003, 23(4): 59-62.
	[Tang Shizhen. Analysis of rainstorm flood disaster in July, 2001 in Wusu, Xinjiang[J]. Hydrology, 2003, 23(4): 59-62.]
[25]	朱健, 黄玉英. 新疆天山北坡军塘湖河流域“8·29”特大洪水特征与洪峰模数分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2015, 37(3): 811-817. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0090
	[Zhu Jian, Huang Yuying. An analysis of flood characteristics and discharge peak modulus on “August 29” catastrophic flood event in the Juntanghu River Basin on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2015, 37(3): 811-817.] doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0240.2015.0090
[26]	张连成, 司佳怡, 胡列群, 等. 基于两种降水数据的苏巴什水库暴雨山洪淹没模拟及临界雨量阈值研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(7): 1147-1155. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.565
	[Zhang Liancheng, Si Jiayi, Hu Liequn, et al. Simulation of storm flood inundation and critical rainfall threshold for disaster in Subash Reservoir based on two types of precipitation data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(7): 1147-1155.] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.565
[27]	杜晓宁. 再议哈密地区伊吾县峡沟水库工程设计及施工技术措施[J]. 中国水运, 2014, 14(1): 194-197.
	[Du Xiaoning. Further discussion on the design and construction technical measures of Xiagou Reservoir project in Yiwu County, Hami region[J]. China Water Iransport, 2014, 14(1): 194-197.]
[28]	施雅风. 中国冰川目录[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1986: 24-29.
	[Shi Yafeng. A catalog of Chinese glaciers[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1986: 24-29.]
[29]	骆光晓, 刘莉, 吴力平. 伊吾河流域水文特性分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 1999, 22(1): 47-52.
	[Luo Guangxiao, Liu Li, Wu Liping. Analysis on the hydrologic properties of Yiwu River valley[J]. Arid Land Geography, 1999, 22(1): 47-52.]
[30]	刘虹. 新疆伊吾河流域水文水资源分析[J]. 黑龙江水利科技, 2012, 40(8): 42-44.
	[Liu Hong. Analysis on hydrological and water resources of Yiwu River Basin in Xinjiang[J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology of Water Conservancy, 2012, 40(8): 42-44.]
[31]	高颖, 吕惠萍, 吉锦环, 等. 概论伊吾河洪水成因及其防御对策[J]. 新疆气象, 2006, 29(3): 3-5.
	[Gao Ying, Lü Huiping, Ji Jinhuan, et al. A general analysis and prevention counterm easure of floods in the Yiwu River[J]. Meteorological of Xinjiang, 2006, 29(3): 3-5.]
[32]	王海潮, 董增川, 梁忠民, 等. 暴雨洪水相似性分析指标体系研究[J]. 水文, 2006, 26(2): 13-17.
	[Wang Haichao, Dong Zengchuan, Liang Zhongmin, et al. A study on the index system for storm-flood resemblance analyzing[J]. Journal of China Hydrology, 2006, 26(2): 13-17.]
[33]	陈建, 李春红, 王峰, 等. 长江上游流域暴雨洪水相似性判别指标研究[J]. 人民长江, 2019, 50(1): 58-63.
	[Chen Jian, Li Chunhong, Wang Feng, et al. Study on similarity discriminant index of storm flood in upper reaches of Yangtze River[J]. Yangtze River, 2019, 50(1): 58-63.]
[34]	宋尚波. 中小河流洪水预报难点及对策分析[J]. 水利技术监督, 2018(6): 137-139, 145.
	[Song Shangbo. Analysis of difficulties and countermeasures in flood forecasting for small and medium-sized rivers[J]. Technical Supervision in Water Conservancy, 2018(6): 137-139, 145.]
[35]	张家宝, 邓子风. 新疆降水概论[M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 1987:351-357.
	[Zhang Jiabao, Deng Zifeng. An introduction to precipitation in Xinjiang[M]. Beijing: Meteorology Press, 1987: 351-357.]
[36]	陈春艳, 孔期, 李如琦. 天山北坡一次特大暴雨过程诊断分析[J]. 气象, 2012, 38(1): 72-80.
	[Chen Chunyan, Kong Qi, Li Ruqi. Analysis of a major rainstorm in the north slope of Tianshan Mountains[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2012, 38(1): 72-80.]
[37]	杨莲梅, 张云惠, 汤浩. 2007年7月新疆三次暴雨过程的水汽特征分析[J]. 高原气象, 2012. 31(4): 963-973.
	[Yang Lianmei, Zhang Yunhui, Tang Hao. Analyses on water vapor characteristics in three heavy rainstorm processes of Xinjiang in July 2007[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2012, 31(4): 963-973.]
[38]	王两铭, 罗会帮. 饱和湿空气动力学的基本方程和主要特征[J]. 气象学报, 1980, 38(1): 44-50.
	[Wang Liangming, Luo Huibang. The basic dynamic equations and the main properties of the saturated moist air[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1980, 38(1): 44-50.]

洪水个例	最大累积降水量/mm（站号）	最大日降水量/mm·h^-1（站号）	平均降水量/mm	最大小时雨强/mm·h^-1（站号）	平均降水历时/h	区域分型
2015年6月29—30日	18.8（Y6359）	17.2（Y6359）	14.5	6.2（Y6359）	8.2	上游型
2015年8月12日	17.6（Y6359）	17.6（Y6359）	13.8	3.8（Y6366）	9.6	上游型
2016年8月9日	14.4（Y6359）	14.4（Y6359）	6.8	2.4（Y6332）	8.6	上游型
2017年8月18—19日	13.7（Y6359）	13.7（Y6359）	11.9	5.4（52118）	8.0	上游型
2018年6月18—19日	15.9（Y6359）	15.9（Y6359）	11.1	4.4（Y6366）	6.8	上游型
2018年7月31日	41.3（Y6333）	41.3（Y6333）	32.5	12.0（Y6333）	11.0	下游型
2021年7月24日	15.8（Y6359）	15.8（Y6359）	7.2	3.1（Y6359）	7.8	上游型
2021年8月16—17日	26.3（52118）	16.9（Y6332）	20.1	6.8（Y6359）	15.3	下游型

洪水个例		最大洪峰流量/m³·s^-1	洪水涨幅/m³·s^-1	水位涨差/m	库容增幅/10⁴m³	雨洪时间差/h	雨洪峰值时间差/h	洪峰持续时间/h	蓝色预警流量持续时间/h	黄色预警流量持续时间/h	橙色预警流量持续时间/h	红色预警流量持续时间/h
上游型	2015年6月29—30日	45.5	37.4	0.3	16.7	8	1	1	1	-	-	-
	2015年8月12日	67.9	52.4	0.8	54.9	7	6	9	11	4	-	-
	2016年8月9日	49.3	30.4	0.8	39.6	8	7	1	1	-	-	-
	2017年8月18—19日	66.9	57.9	2.0	100.0	9	4	7	7	5	-	-
	2018年6月18—19日	74.0	32.5	3.0	138.5	9	4	3	3	3	-	-
	2021年7月24日	53.6	32.7	2.5	85.0	8	10	6	6	2	-	-
下游型	2018年7月31日	241.0	210.0	5.8	283.7	6	6	22	22	22	6	6
下游型	2021年8月16—17日	147.0	120.0	9.6	335.0	6	7	10	10	7	3	1

气象站位置	1 h 降水量	3 h 降水量	6 h 降水量	9 h 降水量	12 h 降水量
上游区气象站	0.1994	0.4382	0.4122	0.2955	0.2647
下游区气象站	0.6186	0.7901	0.8612	0.8379	0.8437

洪水个例		比湿/g·kg^-1		水汽通量/g·cm^-1·hPa^-1·s^-1		垂直速度/m·s^-1		涡度/10^-5·s^-1		假相当位温/K
洪水个例		500 hPa	700 hPa	500 hPa	700 hPa	500 hPa	700 hPa	500 hPa	700 hPa	500 hPa	700 hPa
上游型	2015年6月29—30日	3.0	7.0	2.0	4.0	-1.0	-1.5	10	10	332	336
	2015年8月12日	3.5	7.0	6.0	8.0	-2.5	-1.5	10	20	328	328
	2016年8月9日	4.0	6.0	6.0	4.0	-2.0	-1.5	10	10	340	336
	2017年8月18—19日	3.0	6.0	6.0	4.0	-0.5	-1.2	0	10	340	332
	2018年6月18—19日	3.0	5.0	4.0	6.0	-1.0	-1.5	0	10	334	332
	2021年7月24日	4.0	7.0	6.0	4.0	-1.0	-1.5	10	10	340	334
下游型	2018年7月31日	6.0	10.0	6.0	10.0	-1.0	-1.5	10	20	352	348
下游型	2021年8月16—17日	4.5	8.0	8.0	8.0	-1.5	-1.5	10	20	342	340

Characteristics and meteorological causes of medium and small floods in Xiagou Reservoir of Hami City

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

Related Articles 0

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0