1961—2017年北疆初终霜日及霜期时空变化特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.02.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1961—2017年北疆37个地面气象站逐日最低气温观测资料,结合常规气象统计方法,分析北疆地区初、终霜日和霜期的时空演变特征。结果表明：（1）北疆平均初霜日以2.2 d·（10a）^-1速率推迟;平均终霜日以1.7 d·（10a）^-1速率提前;平均霜期以3.9 d·（10a）^-1速率缩短;初、终霜日和霜期的主周期均为2 a左右。（2）北疆霜期缩短趋势较大（小）的地区,能较好的对应其初霜日推迟、终霜日提前较强（弱）,伊犁州、塔城地区北部及东天山东北部霜期的缩短趋势最为显著,博州至天山北坡一线居中,阿勒泰地区霜期的缩短趋势最弱。（3）北疆大部分地区初霜日的变化趋势与海拔高度有很好的相关性,其初霜日的推迟速度随海拔高度的增加而减小,垂直递减率为-0.077 d·（a·km）^-1;秋季气候变暖是初霜日推迟的主要原因,春、秋季气候变暖同时影响霜期缩短,且秋季的影响更大。

关键词: 初、终霜日, 霜期, 时空变化, 北疆

Abstract:

This study analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the first, last frost dates, and frost season in northern Xinjiang, China using the daily minimum temperature observation data from 37 surface weather stations in northern Xinjiang (1961—2017) and conventional meteorological statistical methods. The results showed that (1) the average first frost day in northern Xinjiang is delayed at a rate of 2.2 d·(10a)^-1. The average last frost day is advanced at a rate of 1.7 d·(10a)^-1. The average frost season is shortened at a rate of 3.9 d·(10a) ^-1. The principal change cycle in the first, last frost day, and frost period is approximately two years. (2) The regions with a larger frost shortening trend in northern Xinjiang could better correspond to the delayed first frost day and early final frost day. The shortening trend of the frost season is most significant in the Ili Prefecture, Tacheng Prefecture, and the northeastern part of the east Tianshan Mountain. The narrow region extending from Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture to the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountain has a moderate shortening trend, and the Altay Prefecture has the weakest. (3) The variation trend of the first frost day in most areas of northern Xinjiang correlates well with altitude. The delaying rate of the first frost day decreases as altitude increases, with a vertical changing rate of -0.077 d·(a·km)^-1. The warming of autumn is the principal reason for the delay of the first frost day. Spring and autumn warming both affect the shortening of the frost season, but the impact of autumn is greater.

Key words: first/last frost date, frost period, temporal and spatial variation, northern Xinjiang

张鑫,楼俊伟,王勇,王智楷. 1961—2017年北疆初终霜日及霜期时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(2): 308-315.

ZHANG Xin,LOU Junwei,WANG Yong,WANG Zhikai. Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of first and last frost day and frost period from 1961 to 2017 in northern Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(2): 308-315.

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