乌鲁木齐市近几年大气颗粒物中重金属的浓度特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.03.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用重量法对2014年、2015年、2017年采暖期乌鲁木齐市新疆农业大学大气颗粒物TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5进行采集，使用TAS-990型火焰原子吸收分光光度计、PF3型原子荧光光谱仪、石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定颗粒物中5种重金属元素的质量浓度，利用富集因子法分析重金属元素的富集程度及来源。结果表明：该采样点采暖期大气颗粒物TSP、PM₁₀的质量浓度在近几年均呈现出下降趋势，PM_2.5的质量浓度变化趋势为：2017年＞2015年＞2014年；重金属元素As的质量浓度在不同粒径大气颗粒物中均为最高值，且采暖期大气颗粒物中除Cr以外的重金属含量、重金属元素的富集程度近几年均呈现明显的下降趋势；重金属As、Cr、Zn、Hg元素更易富集于细颗粒物中。

关键词: 乌鲁木齐市, 大气颗粒物, 重金属, 浓度特征

Abstract: By using the gravimetric method,the atmospheric TSP,PM₁₀and PM_2.5 over the campus of Xinjiang Agricultural University at Urumqi,Xinjiang,China were collected during the heating period in 2014,2015 and 2017 and analyzed for their mass concentration of 5 heavy mental elements.TAS-990 flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of Zn,PF3 atomic fluorescence spectrometer was used to determine the concentrations of As and Hg,and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentrations of As and Hg.The results are as follows: the concentration of Cr is 1.31-8 ng·m^-3;the concentration of Hg is 0.15-3.14 ng·m^-3;the concentration of As is 11.79-120.47 ng·m^-3; the concentration of Zn is 5.16-31.11 ng·m^-3;the concentration of Pb is 1.05-6.83 ng·m^-3.The enrichment factor method was used to analyze the enrichment degree and source of heavy metal elements,and the study explored the characteristics of elements and sources of pollution in different particle sizes of air in Xinjiang Agricultural University of Urumqi.The results showed that,during the heating period,the mass concentration of atmospheric particles TSP and PM₁₀ showed a downward trend in recent years,and the mass concentration of PM2.5 showed an upward trend.In recent years,the mass concentration of heavy metal As in airborne particles with different particle sizes was the highest;the concentration of heavy metals As,Pb and Zn has shown a significant downward trend in recent years,while the concentration of heavy metal Cr has been increasing gradually.The concentration differences of As,Cr,Zn and Hg in different particle sizes were presented in the descending order as PM2.5,PM10 and TSP,and for Pb the descending order list was TSP,PM₁₀,and PM_2.5,so it showed that the heavy metals As,Cr,Zn and Hg were more easily concentrated in fine particles.The results of enrichment factor analysis showed that the enrichment degree of heavy metals As,Cr,Hg and Zn in atmospheric particulates were presented a descending order list as PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and TSP,the degree of enrichment of As,Pb and Zn in recent years indicated the highest value in 2014,the lowest value in 2017 and an intermediate value in 2015,and for the Cr element,the highest value in 2017,the lowest value in 2014 and an intermediate value in 2015,and for the Hg element,the highest value in 2015,the lowest value in 2017 and an intermediate value in 2014.The heavy metal Hg element is moderately enriched,indicating that the enrichment is obvious,and its source is determined to be anthropogenic pollution source;the EF_i value of the heavy metal As element is basically in the range from 1 to 10,which belongs to mild enrichment,and its source is judged to be natural and artificial.The EF_i values of heavy metals Zn,Cr,and Pb are between 0 and 10,indicating that they are mainly derived from crustal materials.Overall,the degree of enrichment of the heavy metal elements other than Cr in atmospheric particulate matter TSP,PM₁₀,and PM_2.5 shows a downward trend in recent years,and heavy metal elements in the atmosphere are more likely to be concentrated in fine particles.

Key words: Urumqi city, heavy metals, pollution evaluation, concentration characteristics

帕丽达·牙合甫, 杨鹏月. 乌鲁木齐市近几年大气颗粒物中重金属的浓度特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2019, 42(3): 492-498.

YAHEFU Palida, YANG Pengyu.

Concentration characteristics of heavy metals in the atmospheric particles in Urumqi City in recent years [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2019, 42(3): 492-498.

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