人口变化背景下城市教育资源空间均衡性评估——以乌鲁木齐市主城区为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过收集全国人口普查、2020年乌鲁木齐市小学与居住区位置、城市路网等数据，采用数值统计、缓冲区分析、成本矩阵分析等方法对乌鲁木齐市小学教育资源的空间均衡性展开深入探讨。研究表明：（1）目前乌鲁木齐市小学教育资源分布不均，天山区、沙依巴克区相对更丰富，而新市区、头屯河区和水磨沟区的部分区域相对不足。（2）天山区、沙依巴克区、新市区在0~4 min车程可达范围内的小学，未来可成为小学教育资源输出或优化调整的候选学校。（3）受学龄人口结构变化的影响，2026年乌鲁木齐市教育资源可能再次供大于求，为改善城市教育资源不均衡提供了客观有利的条件。（4）部分新市区、水磨沟区、沙依巴克区、头屯河区的高灯光指数区街道小学教育资源相对稀缺，建议未来重点关注。该研究结果可为乌鲁木齐市未来教育资源空间调整提供科学参考。

关键词: 人口趋势, 教育资源优化, 可达性分析, 学龄人口, 乌鲁木齐市

Abstract:

By collecting data from the national population census, the location of primary schools and residential areas in Urumqi City, Xinjiang, China in 2020, urban road network and other data, this paper uses numerical statistics, buffer zone analysis, cost matrix analysis and other methods to explore the spatial balance of primary education resources in Urumqi City. The study findings are as follows: (1) The distribution of elementary school education resources in Urumqi City is uneven, with a relatively greater abundance in the Tianshan and Shayibake Districts, and a relative lack of resources in parts of the Xinshi, Toutunhe, and Shuimogou Districts. (2) Some elementary schools located in the Tianshan, Shayibake, and Xinshi Districts, and within 0-4 min driving distance, may become candidates for exporting or optimizing primary education resources in Urumqi City in the future. (3) Affected by changes in the structure of the school-age population, Urumqi education resources in 2026 may again be in greater supply than demand, objectively providing favorable conditions for improving the imbalance of education resources in the city. (4) Parts of the Xinshi, Shuimogou, Shayibake, Toutunhe Districts, and other high light index districts have relatively scarce elementary school education resources; it is recommended to focus on these areas in the future. This study provides a scientific reference for the future spatial adjustment of educational resources in Urumqi City.

Key words: population trends, educational resource optimization, accessibility analysis, school-age population, Urumqi City

洪春华, 李晓虎. 人口变化背景下城市教育资源空间均衡性评估——以乌鲁木齐市主城区为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(8): 1411-1419.

HONG Chunhua, LI Xiaohu. Assessing the spatial equity of urban educational resources under the background of population changes: A case study of the main urban area of Urumqi City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(8): 1411-1419.

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区名称	小学数量/个	住宅区数量/个
天山区	30	672
沙依巴克区	32	950
新市区	24	1057
水磨沟区	19	634
头屯河区	6	208
合计	111	3521

区名称	距离<500 m 居住区数量/个	百分比/%	距离500~1000 m 居住区数量/个	百分比/%	距离1000~2000 m 居住区数量/个	百分比/%	距离>2000 m 居住区数量/个	百分比/%
天山区	414	61.61	177	26.34	72	10.71	9	1.34
沙依巴克区	445	46.84	308	32.42	119	12.53	78	8.21
新市区	236	22.33	391	36.99	309	29.23	121	11.45
水磨沟区	275	43.38	197	31.07	133	20.98	29	4.57
头屯河区	31	14.90	40	19.23	46	22.12	91	43.75
合计	1401	39.79	1113	31.61	679	19.28	328	9.32

区名称	小学名称
天山区	第1小学、第2小学、第5小学、第10小学、第11小学、第12小学、第13小学、第15小学、第19小学、第20小学、第30小学、第31小学、第32小学、第40小学、第43小学、第44小学、第73小学、第117中附小、外国语小学、第1小学分校、第5小学分校、第9小学分校、第13小学分校、第43小学分校
沙依巴克区	第3小学、第6小学、第14小学、第16小学、第21小学、第22小学、第24小学、第26小学、第27小学、第34小学、第68小学、第42小学、第47小学、第55小学、第56小学、第57小学、第70小学、第86小学、第89小学、第120小学、第22小学分校、雪莲小学、新疆农业大学附属中学小学部
新市区	第35小学、第36小学、第37中小学部、第62小学、第79小学、第80小学、第122小学、第132小学、第133小学、第135小学