干旱区间歇性生态输水对地下水位与植被的影响机理研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.04.07

干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (4): 726-733.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.04.07

干旱区间歇性生态输水对地下水位与植被的影响机理研究

古力米热·哈那提^1,2, 王光焰³, 张音^2,4, 刘迁迁^2,4, 苏里坦²

1. 新疆水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830049;
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
3. 新疆塔里木河流域干流管理局, 新疆库尔勒 841000;
4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-01-03 修回日期:2018-05-28 出版日期:2018-07-25
通讯作者: 苏里坦(1972-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事干旱区水文过程与模型研究.E-mail:sulitan@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:古力米热·哈那提(1976-),女,高级工程师,主要从事干旱区水资源规划与水文过程研究.E-mail:skyglml@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目（U1403182，U1603342）；新疆维吾尔自治区公益性项目（KY2018121）；新疆优秀青年科技人才培养项目（qn2015yx033）

Influence mechanism of intermittent ecological water conveyance on groundwater level and vegetation in arid land

HANATI Gulimire^1,2, WANG Guang-yan³, ZHANG Yin^2,4, LIU Qian-qian^2,4, SU Li-tan²

1. Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Urumqi 830049, Xinjiang, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, CAS, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
3. Management Bureau of the Main Stream of Xinjiang Tarim River Basin, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China;
4. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-01-03 Revised:2018-05-28 Online:2018-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木河下游生态系统作为典型的干旱区生态系统，对水分具有较强的依赖性。为了解塔里木河下游间歇性生态输水对地下水埋深变化、植被生长的关系，得出地下水埋深、植被生长变化及间歇性生态输水过程之间的相互影响机理，以塔里木河下游英苏断面为研究区，基于达西定律、植物根系吸水速率计算方法，以及2009—2015年生态输水—地下水位变化—NDVI变化相互耦合关系，对三者之间相互影响过程及影响机理进行定性与定量分析。结果表明：（1）输水效益的显现是一个漫长的过程，地下水的响应和下游植被的生态响应均在一个大的空间和时间尺度上将逐步显现，另外由于植物生长具有季节性，当年地下水埋深值在一定程度上可影响次年植物生长。（2）多年研究表明，当地下水埋深低于7 m时，满足乔、灌木植物生长需求；低于6 m时，满足草本植物生长需求。（3）在年总输水量为固定情况下，一年两次是利于河岸植被恢复的最适宜输水次数。由于生态输水—地下水位变化—NDVI变化存在一定的滞后期，建议每年春季4~5月份和夏季7~8月份作为输水期。

关键词: 塔里木河下游, 间歇性生态输水, 地下水位, NDVI

Abstract: As the typical arid area ecosystem,the ecosystem in lower reaches of Tarim River,Xinjiang,China,has a strong dependence on water.Taking Yingsu-section in the lower reaches of Tarim River as the study area,this paper analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively the interaction process and the mechanism among the ecological water conveyance,the underground water level change and NDVI change based on Darcy's law,the calculation method of water absorption rate of plant root system and the intercoupling relationship between ecological water conveyance,underground water level change and NDVI change from 2009 to 2015.The results indicate the following conclusions:(1) It takes a long time for the water conveyance to take effect.The response of the groundwater and the ecological response of vegetation in the lower reaches are gradually revealed at a large spatio-temporal scale,and there is a linear growth with the increase of riverbank distance.The study used monitoring wells C3,C4,C5,C6 with the distance from the riverway of 59,300,500,750 meters respectively,and found that there was a lag period of one to nine months during water conveyance.In addition,due to the seasonal nature of plant growth,the groundwater depth value in one year can affect the plant growth in the next year to a certain degree. (2) The research over years show that when the groundwater depth value is less than seven meters,the growth demand of tree and shrub plants is met.For herbaceous plants,when the groundwater depth value is less than six meters,the growth demand is met. (3) When the annual total water supply is fixed,the optimum number of water conveyance for restoration of riverbank vegetation is twice a year.Because there is a certain lag period on the ecological water conveyance-the change in the groundwater level-the changes in NDVI,it is recommended that the water conveyance should be held from April to May and from July to August.In that way,water supply will have an influence on plant germination from March to April which is the most important period of plant growth,and have an influence on plant flourishing period from June to August which is the period of maximum water demand.

Key words: lower reaches of Tarim River, groundwater level, intermittent ecological water conveyance, NDVI

中图分类号:

P641.2

古力米热·哈那提, 王光焰, 张音, 刘迁迁, 苏里坦. 干旱区间歇性生态输水对地下水位与植被的影响机理研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 726-733.

HANATI Gulimire, WANG Guang-yan, ZHANG Yin, LIU Qian-qian, SU Li-tan. Influence mechanism of intermittent ecological water conveyance on groundwater level and vegetation in arid land[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 726-733.

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