露天煤矿周围的四种植被重金属富集和转移特征分析

干旱区地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 1207-1217.

露天煤矿周围的四种植被重金属富集和转移特征分析

阿不都艾尼·阿不里^1,2,3, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜³, 玉米提·哈力克^3,4, 师庆东^2,3, 尼格拉·塔西甫拉提^3,4, 塔依尔江·艾山^2,3, 阿尔祖娜·阿布力米提^3,4

1. 新疆大学生态学博士后流动站, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
2. 新疆大学干旱生态与环境研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
3. 新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046;
4. 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2017-06-13 修回日期:2017-08-25 出版日期:2017-11-25
通讯作者: 塔西甫拉提·特依拜,男,维吾尔族,新疆伊宁人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事为干旱区环境演变与遥感应用研究.E-mail:tash@xju.edu.cn
作者简介:阿不都艾尼·阿不里(1984-),男,维吾尔族,新疆阿瓦提人,博士,主要从事干旱区资源遥感研究.E-mail:abduhini0997@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目（2017D01C065）

Heavy metal accumulation and its transfer characteristics of four plant species under the effect of opened coal mine

Abdugheni ABLIZ^1,2,3, Tashpolat TIYIP³, Umut HALIK^3,4, SHI Qing-dong^2,3, Nigara TASHPOLAT^3,4, Tayierjiang AISHAN^2,3, Aerzuna ABULIMITI^3,4

1. Ecological Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China;
2. Institute of Arid Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China;
4. College of Resources & Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China

Received:2017-06-13 Revised:2017-08-25 Online:2017-11-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用野外调查和室内化学分析相结合的方法，对新疆准东露天煤矿周围常见的假木贼（Anabasis aphylla）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、琵琶柴（Reaumuria songoonica）、蛇麻黄（Ephedradistachya）等四种植物对重金属的吸收、富集能力和来源进行了分析。结果表明：植物体内重金属含量大小来看，Zn、Cu、Cr含量较大，Pb、As和Hg含量较少。假木贼根部的Cr含量以及四种植被体内Hg含量均超过了植被生长的正常范围。从植物与相应土壤中的重金属相关性来看，假木贼，琵琶柴体内Zn、Cu元素，琵琶柴体内Zn、Hg、As元素，梭梭体内的Zn、Cu、As元素与相应土壤中的重金属含量相关性较好，植物体内的重金属主要来自于土壤，交通运输，大气降尘等多种来源。植物对重金属的富集和转移能力表明，假木贼（2.89），琵琶柴（1.14），梭梭（1.72）对Hg有一定的富集能力，其富集能力大小顺序为假木贼>梭梭>琵琶柴，它们属于潜在的Hg富集植物。蛇麻黄对Cu具有较强富集能力。假木贼，琵琶柴和梭梭对Zn、Cr和Pb具有较好的转移能力。这三种植物对重金属均有一定的耐性，可作为矿区土壤植物修复的优选物种。

关键词: 土壤, 植被, 重金属含量, 富集能力, 转移能力

Abstract: Coal mine meets people's demand for energy,which not only promotes the economic growth,but also ensures the regional security and sustainable development. Meanwhile,the excessive exploitation of mining brings negative effect to the local eco-environment. As one of the most important indicators of eco-environmental pollution,the growth situation of plant is significant to evaluate the regional eco-environment. In this paper,instructed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer,descriptive statistical methods,bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF)methods,based on field sampling and experimental analysis,the source of heavy metal and the absorption and enrichment of Anabasis aphylla,Reaumuria songonica,Epherdra distachya and Haloxylon ammodendorn to them in the area of Zhundong surface mine,Xinjiang,China has been researched. The result shows that: heavy metal contents of Cr,Hg and Pb in the soil are 1.94,3.06 and 3.0 times higher than the Regional Soil Environmental Background value,the contents of Cr and Pb are 1.57 and 3.01 times higher than the second grade criteria of the National Standard of Soil Environment Quality (GB15618-1995);Regarding to the amounts of Heavy metals in plant,the amount of Zn,Cu and Cr is higher than that of Pb,As and Hg. The content of Cr (19.78 mg·kg^-1)in the root of A. aphylla and the content of Hg in these four kinds of plant species exceed the normal range that the plant demands,but other heavy metal contents are in normal range. Regarding to the TF and BAF of heavy metal,for Zn and Cu,there is a high correlation between the A. aphylla and the soil,for Zn、Hg、and As,there is a high correlation between R. songonica and the soil,for Zn、Cu and As, there is a high correlation between H. ammodendron and the soil,but for other elements,there is a weak correlation between the plant and the soil. Most of the heavy metals in plants come from soil,atmospheric dust fall and the traffic pollution. Regarding to the TF and BAF of heavy metals,the BAF of Hg in A.aphylla (2.89),R. songonica (1.14),H. ammodendron (1.72)are greater than 1,this proofs that these kinds of plant have a large Hg bioaccumulation capacity,and the order is A. aphylla >H. ammodendron >R. songonica,which indicates that these plants have the bioaccumulation potentials of Hg. BAF of Cu in E. distachya is 1.26,also greater than 1. If the TF of some elements is larger than 1,it is illustrated that these plants have translocation capacity of these elements. The TF of Zn,Cr,and Pb in A. aphylla,R. songonica,H. ammodendron is greater than 1. Above three kinds of plant has a good tolerance to the heavy metal;they can be selected as the pioneer plant for the ecological rehabilitation in mining area. Analysis of the contents,accumulation and transformation characteristics of heavy metals of the arid region plants are very important for selecting pioneer plants in this region. This study have a practical significance of management and improvement of the eco-environments in heavy metal polluted region.

Key words: soil, plant, heavy metals, bioaccumulation factor(BAF), translocation factor(TF)

中图分类号:

X173

阿不都艾尼·阿不里, 塔西甫拉提·特依拜, 玉米提·哈力克, 师庆东, 尼格拉·塔西甫拉提, 塔依尔江·艾山, 阿尔祖娜·阿布力米提. 露天煤矿周围的四种植被重金属富集和转移特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(6): 1207-1217.

Abdugheni ABLIZ, Tashpolat TIYIP, Umut HALIK, SHI Qing-dong, Nigara TASHPOLAT, Tayierjiang AISHAN, Aerzuna ABULIMITI. Heavy metal accumulation and its transfer characteristics of four plant species under the effect of opened coal mine[J]. , 2017, 40(6): 1207-1217.

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