天山野果林种子植物区系分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 天山野果林现存于中亚和我国西部山地，植物多样性丰富。根据野外调查以及已有收集资料，统计天山野果林及其附近的种子植物，以此为基础展开种子植物区系分析。研究表明：天山野果林的野生种子植物有849种，归属于330属75科；优势科为菊科（Compositae）（43属，91种），蔷薇科（Rosaceae）（23属，125种），禾本科（Gramineae）（25属，50种）、十字花科（Brassicaceae）（20属，32种）、忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）（3属，21种）、豆科（Leguminosae）（17属，47种）、毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）（10属，33种）、百合科（Liliaceae）（7属，32种）、唇形花科（Lamiaceae）（21属，45种）、蓼科（Polygonaceae）（5属，22种）、伞形科（Umbellales）（15属，24种）等11科，表征科为蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）和毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）等3科；优势属为蔷薇属（Rosa）（27种）和忍冬属（Lonicera）（17种），表征属为蔷薇属（Rosa）。天山野果林植物区系地理成分复杂，划分为15个分布区类型和15个变型，以温带分布的科属为主，分别占野果林总属数的62.16%和69.62%（除去广布种），仅有1个中国特有属。

关键词: 植物区系, 地理成分, 天山野果林, 中亚

Abstract: Tianshan fruit forest is an important part of the Central Asian fruit forest. Tianshan fruit forest distributed from Huocheng,Xinyuan and Gongliu County in Xinjiang,China(east Tianshan) to Almaty Province of Taldykorganskaya and Rahim Kent Oblast of Kazakhstan,Issyk-Kul and Talas Oblast of Kyrgyzstan,and Fergana in the eastern of Uzbekistan(west Tianshan). The east-west length and the north-south width of Tianshan fruit forest are about 1 000 km and 450 km,respectively,mainly in the altitude of 1 000-1 700 m. Its distribution is related to the ecological factors such as abundant rainfall,temperature,humidity and geographical terrain. It is a broad-leaved forest with "Oceanic" climate,which has high plant diversity. The winter temperature inversion effect is one of the important factors in long-term protection of wild fruit forest breeding and overwintering. Although there have been numerous reports about the Tianshan fruit forest,the research was restricted to Xinjiang, China,no research has been reported on species diversity and floristic geographic analysis of Tianshan wild fruit forest among Central Asia. Therefore,this paper statistically analyzed the floristic of spermatophytes of Tianshan fruit forest in the Central Asia(including Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan National Talas) and its geographical elements, based on the field investigation and data of the spermatophytes collected. The results show that there are 849 species in 330 genera and 75 families of wild spermatophytes in the Tianshan wild fruit forest,and also 11 dominant families,including Compositae(43 genera,91 species),Rosaceae(23 genera,125 species),Gramineae(25 genera,50 species),Brassicaceae(20 genera,32 species),Caprifoliaceae(3 genera,21 species),Leguminosae(17 genera,47 species),Ranunculaceae(10 genera,33 species),Liliaceae(7 genera,32 species),Lamiaceae(21 genera,45 species),Polygonaceae(5 genera,22 species)and Umbellales(15 genera,24 species),of which Rosaceae,Caprifoliaceae and Ranunculaceae are regarded as the typical families. The two dominant genera are Rosa(27) and Lonicera(17),Rosa is also regarded as the typical genera. The families and genera are mainly characterized by the temperate geographical elements,accounting for 62.16% and 69.52% of total genera (excluding the cosmopolitan),respectively. There is no endemic family but only one endemic genus of China. This paper provides scientific basis for comprehensively understanding the geographic composition of families and genera of seed plant,which has great significance for the protection,development and sustainable utilization of Tianshan wild fruit forest.

Key words: floristic, geographical elements, Tianshan wild fruit forest, Central Asia

中图分类号:

Q948.5

布海丽且姆·阿卜杜热合曼, 刘会良, 刘娜, 张道远, 管开云. 天山野果林种子植物区系分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(4): 828-834.

Buhailiqiemu ABUDUREHEMAN, LIU Hui-liang, LIU Na, ZHANG Dao-yuan, GUAN Kaiyun. Spermatophyte floras in the wild fruit forest in Tianshan Mountains[J]. , 2016, 39(4): 828-834.

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